FinanceLooker

Excrept from filing document 2024-04-27

The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of 13 91 per share of the registrant s ordinary shares on October 28 2023 the last business day of the registrant s most recently completed second fiscal quarter as reported by the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on such date was approximately 1 6 billion For purposes of calculating the aggregate market value of shares held by non affiliates the registrant has assumed that all outstanding shares are held by non affiliates except for shares owned by each of its executive officers directors and 5 or greater shareholders In the case of 5 or greater shareholders the registrant has not deemed such shareholders to be affiliates unless there are facts and circumstances indicating that such shareholders exercise any control over the registrant This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the registrant for any other purpose
Portions of Part III of this Form 10 K are incorporated by reference from the registrant s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10 K Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10 K the proxy statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10 K
Unless the context indicates otherwise references in this Annual Report on Form 10 K to we us our our company Company and Credo mean Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd a Cayman Islands exempted company and its subsidiaries as a group
Effective May 1 2022 the Company changed its fiscal year to a 52 or 53 week period ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 Our fiscal year ending April 27 2024 fiscal 2024 is a 52 week fiscal year The first quarter of fiscal 2024 ended on July 29 2023 the second quarter ended on October 28 2023 and the third quarter ended on January 27 2024 Any references to a fiscal year in this Annual Report on Form 10 K are to the 12 months ending on April 30 or the Saturday closest to April 30 as applicable of the relevant year and any references to a fiscal quarter are to the applicable quarter within a fiscal year Our fiscal years ended April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 are referred to herein as fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 respectively
This Annual Report on Form 10 K contains forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended Exchange Act which are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections These statements involve known and unknown risks uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by the forward looking statements Words such as anticipate expect intend plan goal projects believes seeks estimates forecast target predict future may can will would and similar expressions identify such forward looking statements Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward looking statements Forward looking statements in this report include but are not limited to statements about
the impact a pandemic epidemic or other outbreak of disease may in the future have on our business results of operations and financial condition as well as the businesses of our suppliers and customers
These forward looking statements reflect our management s beliefs and views with respect to future events and are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this report and are subject to risks and uncertainties We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in the Risk Factor Summary below and under Part I Item 1A Risk Factors Moreover we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment New risks emerge from time to time It is not possible for our management to predict all risks nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward looking statements we may make Given these uncertainties you should not place undue reliance on these forward looking statements We qualify all of the forward looking statements in this report by these cautionary statements Unless required by law we undertake no obligation to update any forward looking statements whether written or oral that may be made from time to time whether as a result of new information future developments or otherwise
In addition statements that we believe and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10 K and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements such information may be limited or incomplete and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into or review of all potentially available relevant information These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties including those described in the Risk Factors section of this Annual Report on Form 10 K Investors should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties when investing in our ordinary shares The occurrence of any of these risks could harm our business financial condition results of operations and or growth prospects or cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently believe are not material may also become important factors that adversely affect our business The principal risks and uncertainties affecting us include
The general compute and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning AI ML infrastructure market is an emerging market that will depend on the success of generative AI technologies and this market may not develop as we currently expect including due to regulatory uncertainty
Our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by worldwide economic conditions trade restrictions such as export restrictions sanctions and tariffs international and intra national conflicts as well as political and economic conditions in the countries where we conduct business
We may face claims of intellectual property infringement misappropriation or other violations which could be time consuming or costly to defend or settle result in the loss of significant rights or harm our relationships with our customers or reputation in the industry
Credo provides innovative secure high speed and power efficient connectivity solutions Our solutions target the data infrastructure market where bandwidth requirements are increasing exponentially driven by the accelerating deployment of leading edge Artificial Intelligence infrastructure and applications
Our innovations ease system bandwidth bottlenecks while simultaneously improving on power security and reliability Our connectivity solutions are optimized for optical and electrical Ethernet applications including the 100G or Gigabits per second 200G 400G 800G and emerging 1 6T or Terabits per second markets Our products are based on our Serializer Deserializer SerDes and Digital Signal Processor DSP technologies Our product families include integrated circuits ICs Active Electrical Cables AECs and SerDes Chiplets Our intellectual property IP solutions consist primarily of SerDes IP licensing
Data generation has increased dramatically over the past ten years creating new and complicated challenges in both circuit and system design Our proprietary SerDes and DSP technologies enable us to achieve similar performance to leading competitors products but at a lower cost and more highly available legacy node n 1 advantage Beyond power and performance Credo continues to innovate to address customers system level requirements We partner with Microsoft on our HiWire Switch AEC and open source implementation that helps realize Microsoft s vision for a highly reliable network managed dual Top of Rack ToR architecture a network architecture design in which computing equipment located within the same or an adjacent rack are for redundancy connected to two in rack network switches which are in turn connected to aggregation switches via fiber optic cables overcome complex and slow legacy enterprise approaches simplify deployment and improve connection reliability in the data center
The multibillion dollar data infrastructure market that we serve is driven largely by hyperscale data centers hyperscalers as well as general compute AI ML infrastructure multi service operators MSOs and mobile network operators MNOs The demands for increased bandwidth improved power and cost efficiency and heightened security have simultaneously and dramatically expanded as work education and entertainment have rapidly digitized across myriad endpoint users
We design market and sell both product and IP solutions We help define industry conventions and standards within the markets we target by collaborating with technology leaders and standards bodies We contract with a variety of manufacturing partners to build our products based on our proprietary SerDes and DSP technologies We develop standard solutions we can sell broadly to our end markets and also develop tailored solutions designed to address specific customer needs Once developed these tailored solutions can generally be broadly leveraged across our portfolio and we are able to sell the part or license the IP to the broader market
We have global sales marketing and business development teams responsible for identifying and building our customer relationships We sell our products to hyperscalers and cloud infrastructure providers as well as MNO MSO 5G wireless enterprise networking and high performance computing HPC customers We are engaged with all of the major hyperscalers and our customer base includes over 20 blue chip clients including more than 10 original equipment manufacturers OEMs and original design manufacturers ODMs over 10 optical module manufacturers and other leading enterprises
During fiscal 2024 and 2023 we generated 193 0 million and 184 2 million in total revenue respectively Product sales and product engineering services revenue comprised 85 and 83 of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively and IP license revenue represented 15 and 17 of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively
Our hyperscale customers are increasingly pursuing AI ML infrastructure that requires rack scale interconnectivity densities that are significantly higher than their general compute infrastructure The growth of AI ML model sizes is driving an explosion in interconnectivity traffic which enables multiple physical devices to work on the same model at high speed and low latency Credo provides Ethernet solutions to support this type of interconnectivity and we believe that as this market matures it will migrate away from proprietary solutions and towards Ethernet as the standard solution
Our hyperscale customers began to deploy Network Interface Card NIC speeds of 200G in calendar year 2023 with 400G on roadmaps for calendar year 2024 As NIC speeds double there is a need for higher speed east west traffic infrastructure to support applications such as Remote Direct Memory Access RDMA Nonvolative Memory Express NVMe and other high bandwidth applications while maintaining high reliability and observability within the power and cost constraints of a modern data center
Hyperscalers which have the ability to seamlessly provision and add compute memory networking and storage resources to a given node or set of nodes that make up a larger computing distributed computing or grid computing environment drive demand for high speed low power connectivity solutions Our hyperscale customers have deployed 50G per lane electrical PAM4 data rates in 2023 and they have begun deployments of 100G per lane electrical PAM4 solutions in 2024
Energy efficiency is becoming a key concern for customers as increased data transfer speeds require more energy to power and cool their systems Credo s low power Screaming Eagle 112G lane retimers and Dove800 DSPs are enabling our customers to achieve their technical objectives as well as supporting the important ESG goals of our customers
Similarly with the global deployment of high speed fixed line and wireless networks carriers are also increasingly seeking higher performance connectivity solutions to address their substantial growth in traffic 5G wireless infrastructure has proliferated in some countries but still has much room for growth and low earth orbit satellite IP solutions such as Starlink offer disruptive performance and cost for users who cannot access the existing infrastructure Fixed line infrastructure speeds continue to grow with the announcement of CableLabs DOCSIS 4 0 10Gb standards and proliferation of fiber to the home
Beyond hyperscalers and 5G networking the evolution of connectivity standards for servers such as Peripheral Component Interconnect Express PCIe and consumer devices such as Universal Serial Bus USB present an additional long term opportunity As these connectivity standards move to higher speed data rates and higher order modulation innovation in power efficiency and cost efficiency will be required to deliver competitive connectivity solutions We expect that demand for increasingly sophisticated connectivity solutions will grow alongside the evolution of these standards
We believe our technology leadership is based on our strong SerDes IP portfolio Our purpose built mixed signal and DSP architectures are the foundation of our high performance and power efficient connectivity solutions We believe this IP portfolio provides us with a significant competitive advantage
integration and SerDes IP licensing Our products and technologies address our customers various bandwidth power cost security reliability and end to end signal integrity requirements We believe we can provide superior service to our customers by serving as a single point of contact for various requirements Furthermore our extensive knowledge and experience across a range of connectivity offerings enables us to better identify potential bottlenecks and design solutions to address them differentiating us from competitors focused on point solutions
We believe we are at the forefront of the high performance connectivity market Our architectural approach enables us to design in mature fabrication processes still deliver leading edge performance and power at a significantly lower cost Our optimized SerDes architectures achieve industry leading power efficiency on small die areas in cost effective mature processes
We employ an engineering focused workforce as well as a highly technical management team with deep industry experience and connectivity expertise Our global team included 407 engineers as of April 27 2024 and our international footprint allows us to continue attracting talent needed to support our business We are led by a team of seasoned semiconductor and connectivity experts Many of our executives have more than 20 years of semiconductor innovation experience and an extensive track record of successful leadership across multiple semiconductor companies
Our proprietary SerDes architectures have underpinned our products and IP solutions since our inception We intend to continue investing in research and development in our SerDes design to expand our technology leadership
We intend to continue to broaden our portfolio of offerings by developing new products and IP solutions to meet the evolving needs of the data infrastructure ecosystem as well as expand into adjacent markets we do not serve today
We believe that we have a substantial opportunity to continue to grow our customer base We intend to accelerate new customer acquisition across the markets that we serve as well as enter into new market segments by scaling our sales and marketing capabilities
We have demonstrated our ability to sell multiple of our connectivity solutions to several of our major customers and we will continue to seek to extend and deepen our relationships with existing customers These relationships with leading hyperscalers OEMs ODMs and optical module manufacturers give us insight and extensive visibility into product designs design specifications development production timelines product implementations and product innovations Our direct relationships enable us to better anticipate our customer needs and will facilitate our ability to sell multiple connectivity solutions to our customers over time
We are pioneering comprehensive Ethernet connectivity solutions that deliver high bandwidth scalability and end to end signal integrity for next generation platforms Today we offer the following products and solutions HiWire AECs Optical PAM4 DSPs Line Card PHYs SerDes Chiplets and SerDes IP
HiWire Active Electrical Cables AECs are copper interconnect cables designed for affordable low power operation at 100G 200G 400G 800G and emerging 1 6T data speeds HiWire AECs enable hyperscalers and 5G architects to accelerate the transition to Distributed Disaggregated Chassis DDCs by offering a high performance alternative to short thick Direct Attach Cables DACs and higher power higher cost Active Optical Cables AOCs DDCs allow providers to pair hardware from ODMs with open source and third party software to address issues surrounding operating expenses flexibility and cost in traditional chassis applications Our ToR to NIC AEC solutions enable hardware architects to pair commodity NIC and ToR hardware with value added AECs to address needs related to redundancy and racking plans Our HiWire AEC solutions include SWITCH SPAN SHIFT and CLOS AECs and Pluggable Patch Panel P3
Credo HiWire SWITCH AECs enable a NIC to connect to two ToRs in an Active Standby configuration for sub millisecond failover that is fully network operating system managed This enables the simplicity of a single NIC ToR connector for the server and user with reliability and convergence times that are superior to legacy link aggregation structures
Credo HiWire SPAN AECs are a plug and play replacement of AOC for high speed interconnects Intended for rack to rack connectivity these cables support up to 7 meter reach consume up to 50 less power than AOCs cost less than AOCs and offer a 10 year service life
Credo s HiWire SHIFT AECs provide breakout functionality to enable a single high speed port to connect to two or four lower speed ports In some cases this involves speed shifting functionality where lane speeds are changed e g one lane of 112G becomes 2 lanes of 56G modulation schemes are changed e g PAM4 symbol becomes two non return to zero NRZ symbols and forward error correction is terminated and or generated to ensure a plug and play bridge between two different speed hosts
Credo HiWire CLOS AECs are specifically designed for high density in rack or HPC rack to rack interconnect to support CLOS architectures a type of non blocking multistage switching architecture that reduces the number of ports required in an interconnected fabric With up to
Credo Pluggable Patch Panel P3 enables services providers and hyperscalers flexibility in deploying modern pluggable optics with new and legacy switches and routers The HiWire P3 is a single rack unit 1RU 32 port QSFP DD appliance that allows standard pluggable optics to directly connect to an AEC without the use of a switch chip providing power cooling and control plane access
Credo optical digital signal processors DSPs are a key building block inside optical transceivers that are used in AI clusters hyperscale data centers service provider networks enterprise networks and 5G wireless infrastructure Optical transceivers and active optical cables AOCs based on Credo DSPs provide Ethernet connectivity from 5m up to 10km and span rates from 50Gb s to 800Gb s and beyond
Now in their fourth generation Credo DSPs operating at 50G lane and 100G lane PAM4 offer an exceptional combination of performance energy efficiency and value by integrating such features as laser drivers DSP based signal equalization non linear distortion compensation transmitter signal conditioning and long reach capable host side SerDes
The Credo Seagull family of DSPs operate at 50G lane This comprehensive product family includes 1x50G 2x50G 4x50G and 8x50G product variants that enable transceivers and AOCs from 50Gb s to 400Gb s applications Credo s 50G lane transimpedance amplifier TIA complements this family of devices and creates a compelling bundled solution of DSP laser driver and TIA for new 50G lane module designs Also included in the Seagull family is a unique product optimized for 64G Fibre Channel used in storage networks
The Credo Dove family of DSPs operate at 100G lane This product family includes 4x100G and 8x100G DSPs each with a range of integrated laser driver options for silicon photonics EMLs and VCSELs The range of laser drivers makes these DSPs suitable for both multi mode and single mode fiber applications operating at either 400Gb s or 800Gb s The Dove 850 is the newest member of the Dove family and is the industry s first unidirectional 8x100G DSP specifically for Linear Receive Optics LRO LRO is an innovative new concept that removes DSP functionality from the module receiver to dramatically improve energy efficiency in high volume AI deployments
Our Retimers Gearboxes and MACsec IPSEC devices facilitate PAM4 NRZ backplane and line card connectivity at up to 112G per lane Our components enable platforms with capabilities reaching 52 1 Terabits per second Tbps featuring 800G ports
SerDes technology enables data transmission at high rates while minimizing the number of interconnects required As the bandwidth of interconnects increase the complexity of the design for signal transmission increases Our SerDes architecture has made it possible to deliver cost and power effective SerDes solutions in mature process nodes and make them available in chiplet form multiple SerDes lanes in a single die for integration with MCM System on Chips SoCs overcoming the need for matching core logic and SerDes IP in the same process node Our SerDes Chiplets are designed for high performance and low power from mature processes allowing customers to fabricate their core logic in advanced processes and combine them in their MCM SoC
SerDes IP is designed for the easy SoC integration of tens to hundreds of SerDes lanes The IP range in performance for 1G to 112G per lane Additionally we developed USB4 Version 2 SerDes IP which has been adopted by a major OEM
We designed our SerDes IP to optimally balance performance power and manufacturing process costs and risks Our patented mixed signal and DSP architectures are the foundation of our high performance and low power SerDes technology Our architectural approach enables design in a mature fabrication process while delivering leading edge performance and power efficiency which has led to our more than 50 IP licensing engagements Nevertheless as part of our commitment to long term innovation we continuously develop technology in cutting edge fabrication processes such as 3nm in order to enhance our competitive position and to serve the market of IP licensing customers whose logic requires cutting edge fabrication processes
We sell our products to hyperscalers OEMs ODMs and optical module manufacturers as well as into the enterprise and HPC markets We work closely and have engagements with industry leading companies across these segments
We currently rely and expect to continue to rely on a limited number of customers for a significant part of our revenue In fiscal 2024 sales to our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 86 of our total revenue Furthermore we had two customers that each accounted for 10 or more of our total fiscal 2024 revenue with the two customers accounting for 39 and 15 respectively
We employ a two pronged sales strategy targeting both the end users of our products as well as the suppliers of our end users By engaging directly with the end user we are able to better understand the needs of our customers and cater our solutions to their most pressing connectivity requirements
This strategy has enabled us to become the preferred vendor to a number of our customers across the world who in turn require their suppliers OEMs ODMs and optical module manufacturers to utilize our solutions
We sell our solutions worldwide through our direct sales force We have a sales presence in North America Asia and Europe Our direct sales force is supported by marketing business development and Field Application Engineer teams across our regions These teams are organized to align with our product verticals
We utilize a fabless business model working with a network of third parties to manufacture assemble and test our connectivity products This approach allows us to focus our engineering and design resources on our core competencies and to control and reduce our fixed costs and capital expenditures
We subject our third party manufacturing contractors to qualification requirements to meet the high quality and reliability standards required of our products We qualify our contractors and their processes before applying technology to our products Our engineers work closely with our third party foundry vendor and other contractors to increase yield lower manufacturing costs and improve product quality
We currently utilize a wide range of semiconductor process generations to develop and manufacture our products In fiscal year 2024 we exclusively used Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited TSMC for semiconductor wafer production
Upon the completion of processing at the foundry we use third party contractors for packaging assembly and testing including Amkor Technology Inc Amkor and Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc ASE for packaging our IC products
King Yuan Electronics Company KYEC and Sigurd Microelectronics Corp Sigurd for testing our IC products and BizLink Technology Inc BizLink and Cheng Ui Precision Industry Foxlink for manufacturing our AEC products
We view our technology as a competitive advantage and devote substantial resources to the research and development of new products and the improvement of existing products We have committed and plan to continue to commit significant resources to technology and product innovation and development We have assembled a team of highly skilled engineers with deep signal processing expertise who are located in San Jose California mainland China and Taiwan As of April 27 2024 we employed 407 engineers Research and development expenses for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were 95 5 million and 76 8 million respectively
Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our brand and technology defend and enforce our intellectual property rights preserve the confidentiality of our trade secrets operate our business without infringing misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties and prevent third parties from infringing misappropriating or otherwise violating our intellectual property rights We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights including patents trade secrets copyrights and trademarks and contractual protections to protect our core technology
As of April 27 2024 we owned 73 issued patents and 13 pending patent applications in the United States and 31 issued patents and 35 pending patent applications in mainland China Our patent and patent application portfolio primarily relates to four main areas Ethernet standard network cable technology chip manufacturing and MCM and SerDes cores These issued patents and any patents granted from such applications are expected to expire between 2029 and 2045 without taking potential patent term extensions or adjustments into account We continually review our development efforts to assess the existence and patentability of new intellectual property
The term of individual patents depends upon the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted In most countries including the United States the patent term is 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a non provisional patent application in the applicable country In the United States a patent s term may in certain cases be lengthened by patent term adjustment which compensates a patentee for administrative delays by the United States Patent and Trademark Office in examining and granting a patent It may also be shortened if a patent is terminally disclaimed over a commonly owned patent or a patent naming a common inventor and having an earlier expiration date We cannot be sure that our pending patent applications that we have filed or may file in the future will result in issued patents and we can give no assurance that any patents that have issued or might issue in the future will protect our current or future products will provide us with any competitive advantage and will not be challenged invalidated or circumvented
Moreover we rely in part on trade secrets to protect aspects of our business that are not amenable to or that we do not consider appropriate for patent protection However trade secrets can be difficult to protect While we take steps to protect and preserve our trade secrets including by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees consultants and contractors and by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems such measures can be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach In addition our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors
We believe we are the only company in our industry offering a complete suite of high performance connectivity solutions Our competitors typically compete with us with respect to some but not all of our
solutions Our principal competitors with respect to our products include Broadcom Ltd Broadcom and Marvell Technology Inc Marvell as well as various DAC suppliers Our principal competitors with respect to IP licensing include Synopsys Inc Synopsys Cadence Design Systems Inc Cadence and Alphawave IP Group plc Alphawave The principal competitive factors in our market include
We believe competition will increase as our market grows and connectivity technology advances New entrants could enter our market creating additional competition in the future Although we believe we compete favorably with respect to the above factors our future competitiveness will depend upon our ability to continue to design develop and market compelling solutions
Our sustainability initiatives are a corporate priority and strongly supported by our Board of Directors Board and leadership team More information can be found on the Environmental Social and Governance ESG section of our website and in our annual ESG Report Information contained on our website or in our annual ESG Report is not incorporated by reference into this or any other report we file with the U S Securities and Exchange Commission See Risk Factors under Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10 K for a discussion of risks and uncertainties we face related to sustainability
As of April 27 2024 approximately 407 of our 500 full time equivalent employees were engineers Of our employees 137 were located in North America and 270 were located in Asia None of our employees are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement and we have never experienced a labor related work stoppage
Our success has been built on attracting motivating and retaining a talented and driven workforce particularly on our design and technical teams but also our senior management and support personnel Our employees are our most valuable assets Our core philosophy is that our employees are our most important backers investing their time and professional reputations in the company We continually assess our business to identify our talent needs We have a diverse workforce that represents many cultures and we celebrate our diversity by fostering inclusion across our multinational organization
Our objective is to attract and retain talented and experienced employees advisors and consultants Our team members often leverage their professional networks and we also use online search tools specialized recruiting firms internships and university hires to ensure a varied outreach approach for candidates We offer competitive benefits tailored to local markets and laws and designed to support employee health welfare and retirement examples of such benefits may include paid time off 401 k pension or other retirement plans basic and voluntary life disability and supplemental insurance medical dental and vision insurance and flexible spending accounts Our global training and development program focuses on harassment free workplace and diversity topics as well as ethics and compliance
Our company wide compensation structure is intended to align incentives with the success of Credo We believe that this fosters collaboration within the company as all teams are working together towards
the same goals We offer a combination of competitive base salary time based equity incentives and discretionary bonuses generally linked to our financial performance designed to motivate and reward our employees For more details regarding our executive compensation refer to information incorporated by reference from the information set forth under the captions Executive Compensation and Compensation Discussion and Analysis in our upcoming 2024 Proxy Statement
We also comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding workplace safety and are subject to audits by entities such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the United States We rely on third parties to manufacture our products and require our suppliers to maintain a safe work environment as described in further detail under Manufacturing and Suppliers More information can be found on the ESG section of our website and in our annual ESG Report Information contained on our website or in our annual ESG Report is not incorporated by reference into this or any other report we file with the U S Securities and Exchange Commission
Our business activities are international and subject us to various federal state local and foreign laws in the countries in which we operate and our products and services are subject to laws and regulations affecting the sale of our products
As our business operates in many global jurisdictions the import and export of our products and services are subject to laws and regulations including international treaties United States export controls and sanctions laws customs regulations and local trade rules around the world which vary widely across different countries and may change from time to time Such laws rules and regulations may delay the introduction of some of our products or impact our competitiveness through restricting our ability to do business in certain places or with certain entities and individuals or by requiring us to comply with laws concerning transfer and disclosure of sensitive or controlled technology For example the United States and other governments have imposed restrictions on the import and export of among other things certain telecommunications products and components The consequences of any failure to comply with domestic and foreign trade regulations could limit our ability to conduct business in certain areas or with certain customers
For additional information concerning regulatory compliance and a discussion of the risks associated with governmental regulations that may materially impact us refer to Item 1A Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10 K
Founded in 2008 Credo has an international footprint with offices in North America and Asia Our registered mailing address is c o Maples Corporate Services Limited PO Box 309 Ugland House Grand Cayman KY1 1104 Cayman Islands Our principal website is www credosemi com The information contained on or that can be accessed through our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10 K
We make our Annual Reports on Form 10 K Quarterly Reports on Form 10 Q and Current Reports on Form 8 K and amendments to those reports available free of charge on our website investors credosemi com as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been filed with or furnished to the SEC The SEC maintains a website that contains the materials we file with or furnish to the SEC at www sec gov
Investors in our ordinary shares hold shares of a holding company incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands rather than equity securities of our subsidiaries that have substantive business operations Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd is a holding company incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands with no operations of its own We conduct substantially all of our operations through our indirect wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States and internationally Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information in this filing including our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations before investing in our ordinary shares If any of the following risks are realized in whole or in part our business results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected In that event the price of our ordinary shares could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair the operation of our business
We depend on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue The loss of or a significant reduction in sales to one or more of our major customers could negatively impact our revenue and operating results
In fiscal 2024 we had two customers that each accounted for 10 or more of our total revenue These customers accounted for 39 and 15 of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 respectively In addition in fiscal 2024 sales to our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 86 of our total revenue We believe our operating results for the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of customers In the future these customers may decide not to purchase our products or solutions at all may purchase fewer products or solutions than they did in the past or may alter their purchasing patterns For example in February 2023 we announced that our largest customer reduced its demand forecast for certain of our products for reasons we understand are unrelated to our performance which negatively impacted our fiscal 2023 fourth quarter revenue and our fiscal 2024 revenue expectations Further the amount of revenue attributable to any single customer or our general customer concentration may fluctuate in any given period
In addition our relationships with some customers may deter other potential customers who compete with these customers from buying our products To attract new customers or retain existing customers we may offer these customers favorable terms including the right to terminate or delay orders on little notice exclusivity or most favored nation pricing on our products Such agreements could impair our operating results In the event of pricing reductions or financial incentives for key customers our average selling prices and gross margins would decline The loss of a key customer any reduction in sales to any key customer or our inability to attract new significant customers could negatively impact our revenue and materially and adversely affect our business or results of operations
Substantially all of our product sales to date have been made on a purchase order basis We generally do not obtain long term commitments with our customers or commitments for minimum purchases from our customers Our arrangements with our customers permit our customers to cancel change or delay their product purchase orders upon specified notice and subject to negotiated limitations In some cases our customers may cancel purchase orders on relatively short notice to us and without penalty to them In addition customers may delay delivery of orders to a subsequent fiscal quarter Our revenue and operating results have and could in the future fluctuate materially and have and could in
the future be materially and disproportionately impacted by the purchasing decisions of our customers especially our larger customers Our customers may decide to purchase fewer units than they have in the past alter their purchasing patterns at any time with limited notice change the terms on which they are prepared to do business with us or decide not to continue to purchase our products at all any of which could cause our revenue to decline materially and materially harm our business financial condition and results of operations For example in February 2023 we announced that that our largest customer reduced its demand forecast for certain of our products for reasons we understand are unrelated to our performance which negatively impacted our fiscal 2023 fourth quarter revenue and our fiscal 2024 revenue expectations Cancellations of reductions in or rescheduling of customer orders could also result in the loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce our inventory and operating expenses as a substantial portion of our expenses are fixed at least in the short term In addition changes in forecasts or the timing of orders expose us to the risks of inventory shortages or excess inventory Any of the foregoing events could materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
Customer demand for our products may be impacted by weak economic conditions inflation stagflation recessionary or lower growth environments rising interest rates equity market volatility geopolitical tensions war trade restrictions and sanctions or other negative economic factors in the U S or other nations For example under these conditions or as a result of expectation of such conditions our customers may cancel orders delay purchasing decisions or reduce their use of our services In addition these economic conditions could result in higher inventory levels and the possibility of resulting excess capacity charges from our manufacturing partners if we need to slow production to reduce inventory levels Further in the event of a recession or threat of a recession our manufacturing partners suppliers distributors or other third party partners may suffer their own financial and economic challenges and as a result they may demand pricing accommodations delay payment or become insolvent which could harm our ability to meet our customer demands or collect receivables or otherwise harm our business Similarly disruptions in financial and or credit markets may impact our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our manufacturing partners customers suppliers and creditors and might cause us to not be able to continue to access preferred sources of liquidity when we would like and our borrowing costs could increase Thus if general macroeconomic conditions conditions in the semiconductor industry or conditions in our customer end markets deteriorate or experience a sustained period of weakness or slower growth our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected
In addition we are also subject to risk from inflation and increasing market prices of certain components supplies and commodity raw materials which are incorporated into our end products or used by our manufacturing partners or suppliers to manufacture our end products These components supplies and commodities have from time to time become restricted and general market factors and conditions such as inflation or supply chain constraints have in the past and may in the future affect the pricing of such components supplies and commodities
We have a history of net losses and experienced net losses of 28 4 million and 16 5 million for fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively primarily attributable to increased operating expenses such as investments in research and development including share based compensation As of April 27 2024 we had an accumulated deficit of 135 3 million
We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient revenue to offset the cost of growing our business in the future Our revenue or revenue growth rate may decline in the future because of a variety of factors including increased competition reduced demand for our products and the maturation of our
Additionally we also expect our costs to increase in future periods We expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on research and development expansion into new markets marketing and general administration including expenses related to being a public company These investments may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business
If our revenue or revenue growth rate declines or our operating expenses exceed our expectations our financial performance will be adversely affected We will need to generate and sustain increased revenue levels in future periods in order to maintain or increase our level of profitability If we cannot successfully grow our revenue at a rate that exceeds the increases in costs associated with our business we will not be able to achieve or maintain profitability or generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis and the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline
We are subject to order and shipment uncertainties and differences between our estimates of customer demand and product mix and our actual results could negatively affect our business financial condition and results of operations
Our product sales are primarily generated on the basis of purchase orders with our customers rather than long term purchase commitments However we place orders with our suppliers based on forecasts of customer demand and in some instances may establish buffer inventories to accommodate anticipated demand which may not materialize Due to our lengthy product development cycle it is critical for us to anticipate changes in demand for our various product features and the applications they serve to allow sufficient time for product development and design We have limited visibility into future customer demand and the product mix that our customers will require which could adversely affect our revenue forecasts and operating margins Moreover because some of our target markets are relatively new many of our customers have difficulty accurately forecasting their product requirements and estimating the timing of their new product introductions which ultimately affects their demand for our products Our failure to accurately forecast demand can lead to product shortages that can impede production by our customers and harm our customer relationships Conversely our failure to forecast declining demand or shifts in product mix can result in excess or obsolete inventory In addition the rapid pace of innovation in our industry could also render significant portions of our inventory obsolete Excess or obsolete inventory levels could result in unexpected expenses or increases in our reserves that could adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations In contrast if we were to underestimate customer demand or if sufficient manufacturing capacity were unavailable we could forego revenue opportunities potentially lose market share and damage our customer relationships In addition any significant future cancellations or deferrals of product orders or the return of previously sold products due to manufacturing defects could materially and adversely impact our profit margins increase our write offs due to product obsolescence and restrict our ability to fund our operations
The global semiconductor market in general and the data infrastructure market in particular are highly competitive We expect competition to increase and intensify as more and larger competitor companies enter our markets Increased competition could result in price pressure reduced profitability and loss of market share any of which could materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations In addition our future growth will depend in part on our ability to successfully enter and compete in new markets
Currently our competitors range from large international companies offering a wide range of semiconductor products to smaller companies specializing in narrow markets Our principal competitors with respect to our products include Broadcom and Marvell as well as various DAC suppliers Our principal competitors with respect to IP licensing include Synopsys and Alphawave We expect competition will increase as our market grows connectivity technology advances and existing competitors
Our ability to compete successfully depends in part on factors that are outside of our control including industry and general economic trends Many of our competitors are substantially larger have greater financial technical marketing distribution customer support government support and other resources are more established than we are and have significantly better brand recognition and broader product offerings and may be able to bundle their products to gain market share This may enable them to better withstand adverse economic or market conditions such as those caused by uncertainty as a result of the recent macroeconomic environment which has been characterized by rising interest rates and inflation geopolitical instability public health measures and supply chain uncertainty These factors cause companies across the semiconductor industry to reduce spending and tighten inventory controls which could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations Our ability to compete successfully will depend on a number of factors including
our ability to obtain maintain protect and enforce our intellectual property rights including obtaining intellectual property rights from third parties that may be necessary to meet the evolving demands of the market
similar products to ours As a result new competitors or alliances may emerge that could capture significant market share There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to improve the leverage of growing research and development costs strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry or are unable to continue operations Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form alliances with our competitors thereby reducing their business with us Industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole source vendors for customers
Any of these factors alone or in combination with others could lead to an increase in pricing pressure more variability in our operating results a loss of market share and could harm our business financial condition and results of operations
Our business is dependent on us winning competitive bid selection processes known as design wins We are focused on securing design wins that enable us to sell our products and solutions We consider a design win to occur when a customer notifies us that it has selected our products or technology to be incorporated into a product or system under development often as part of a competitive technology review and bid process While not legally enforceable contractual obligations we believe design wins are an important step towards the adoption of our products or technologies by a customer as competition for design wins is a highly selective process and generally results in the customer devoting substantial resources in partnering with us in development These selection processes typically are lengthy and can require us to incur significant design and development expenditures and dedicate our limited engineering resources in pursuit of a single customer opportunity We may not win the competitive selection process and may never generate any revenue despite incurring significant design and development expenditures Failure to obtain a design win could prevent us from offering an entire generation of a product to a particular customer This could cause us to lose revenue and require us to write off obsolete inventory and could weaken our position in future competitive selection processes Further because of the significant costs associated with qualifying new suppliers customers are likely to use the same or an enhanced version of semiconductor products from existing suppliers across a number of similar and successor products for a lengthy period of time As a result if we fail to secure an initial design win for any of our products to any particular customer we may lose the opportunity to make future sales of those products to that customer for a significant period of time or at all and experience an associated decline in net sales relating to those products
Even when we do achieve a design win we may never generate any revenue despite incurring development expenditures For example despite achieving a design win the customer may determine not to proceed with a contemplated project and cancel the project with little notice to us resulting in a loss of projected revenue In addition our design cycle from initial engagement to volume shipment is typically two to three years so even after securing a design win we may experience delays in generating revenue from our products as a result of the lengthy development cycle
Our customers may take several months or more than a year to evaluate our products and solutions For example prior to purchasing our products our customers require that both our products and our third party contractors undergo extensive qualification processes which involve testing of our products in the customers systems as well as testing for reliability This qualification process may continue for several months or more However qualification of a product by a customer does not assure any sales of the product to that customer Even after successful qualification and sales of a product to a customer a subsequent revision in our third party contractors manufacturing process or our selection of a new supplier may require a new qualification process with our customers which may result in delays and in our holding excess or obsolete inventory After our products are qualified it can take several months or more before the customer commences volume production of components or systems that incorporate our products Despite these uncertainties we devote substantial resources including design engineering
sales marketing and management efforts to qualify our products with customers in anticipation of sales If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying any of our products with a customer sales of those products to the customer may be precluded or delayed which may impede our growth and materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
The delays inherent in these lengthy sales cycles increase the risk that a customer will decide to cancel curtail reduce or delay its product plans or adopt a competing design from one of our competitors which could cause us to lose anticipated revenue if we continue development but are unable to secure a new design win Any delay or cancellation of a customer s plans could materially and adversely affect our financial results as we may have incurred significant expense without generating any revenue Moreover our customers failure to successfully market and sell their products could reduce demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
Because of our extended sales cycle our revenue in future years is highly dependent on design wins we are awarded in prior years It is typical that a design win will not result in meaningful revenue until one or more years later if at all If we do not continue to achieve design wins in the short term our revenue in the following years will deteriorate
Further a significant portion of our revenue in any period may depend on a single product design win with a large customer As a result the loss of any key design win or any significant delay in the ramp of volume production of the customer s products for which our product is designed could adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations We may not be able to maintain sales to our key customers or continue to secure key design wins for a variety of reasons and our customers can stop incorporating our products into their data infrastructure or product offerings with limited notice to us and suffer little or no penalty
If we fail to anticipate or respond to technological shifts or market demands or to timely develop new or enhanced products or technologies in response to the same it could result in decreased revenue and the loss of design wins to our competitors Due to the interdependence of various components in the systems within which our products and the products of our competitors operate customers are unlikely to change to another design once adopted until the next generation of a technology As a result if we fail to introduce new or enhanced products that meet the needs of our customers or penetrate new markets in a timely fashion and our designs do not gain acceptance we will lose market share and our competitive position would be harmed
We rely on a limited number of third parties to manufacture assemble and test our products and the failure to successfully manage our relationships with such third party contractors could adversely affect our revenue and operating results
We operate an outsourced manufacturing business model As a result we rely on third party foundry wafer fabrication and assembly and test capacity We currently outsource all of our IC manufacturing to TSMC with the assembly and testing processes outsourced to other subcontractors primarily in Asia We also use third party contract manufacturers for a significant majority of our assembly and test operations including Amkor ASE KYEC and TeraPower for our IC products and BizLink and Foxlink for our AEC products The failure to manage our relationships with our third party contractors successfully could adversely affect our ability to market and sell our products and our reputation Our revenue and operating results would suffer if these third parties fail to deliver products or components in a timely manner and at reasonable cost or if manufacturing capacity is reduced or eliminated as we may be unable to obtain alternative manufacturing capacity
impairment of the operation or security of our products if errors or other defects occur in the third party technologies we use and difficulties correcting such errors or defects because the development and maintenance of those technologies is not within our control
The ability and willingness of our third party contractors to perform is largely outside our control If one or more of our contract manufacturers or other outsourcers fails to perform its obligations in a timely manner or at satisfactory quality levels our ability to bring products to market and our reputation could suffer For example if that manufacturing capacity is reduced or eliminated at one or more facilities including as a response to a general decline in the semiconductor or electrical cable industry or any of those facilities are unable or unwilling to keep pace with the growth of our business we could have difficulties fulfilling our customer orders and our revenue could decline In addition if these third parties fail to deliver quality products and components on time and at reasonable prices we could have difficulties fulfilling our customer orders which could materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
We do not generally have long term contracts with our suppliers and substantially all of our purchases are on a purchase order basis Suppliers may extend lead times limit supplies place products on allocation or increase prices due to commodity price increases capacity constraints or other factors that could lead to interruption of supply or increased demand in the industry For example public health crises trade sanctions the armed conflict in Ukraine and other factors have led to worldwide supply constraints including with respect to wafers and substrates Additionally the supply of these materials may be negatively impacted by an unfavorable macroeconomic environment including as a result of increased trade tensions between the U S and its trading partners particularly the PRC In the event that we cannot timely obtain materials in sufficient quantities or at reasonable prices the quality of the material deteriorates or we are not able to pass on higher materials costs to our customers our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted
Additionally as our fabrication and assembly and test contractors are located in the Pacific Rim region principally in Taiwan our manufacturing capacity may be similarly reduced or eliminated due to natural disasters including earthquakes drought or typhoons political unrest trade restrictions war or undeclared armed conflict including terrorism labor strikes work stoppages or public health crises This could cause significant delays in shipments of our products until we are able to shift our manufacturing assembly or testing from the affected contractor to another third party vendor There can be no assurance that alternative manufacturing capacity could be obtained on favorable terms if at all
The success of our products is heavily dependent on the timely introduction quality and market acceptance of our customers products incorporating our products which are impacted by factors beyond our control Our customers products are often very complex and subject to design complexities that may result in design flaws as well as potential defects errors and bugs We have in the past been subject to delays and project cancellations as a result of design flaws in the products developed by our customers changing market requirements such as a customer adding a new feature or because a customer s product fails their end customer s evaluation or field trial In other cases customer products are delayed due to incompatible deliverables from other vendors We incur significant design and development costs
in connection with designing our products for customers products that may not ultimately achieve market acceptance If our customers discover design flaws defects errors or bugs in their products or if they experience changing market requirements failed evaluations or field trials or incompatible deliverables from other vendors they may delay change or cancel a project and we may have incurred significant additional development costs and may not be able to recoup our costs which in turn would adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
The complexity of our products could result in undetected defects we may be subject to warranty claims and product liability which could result in a decrease in customers and revenue unexpected expenses and loss of market share and our product liability insurance may not adequately cover our costs arising from product defects or otherwise
Highly complex products such as ours may contain defects errors and bugs when they are first introduced or as new versions are released We have in the past and may in the future experience these defects errors and bugs If any of our solutions have reliability quality or compatibility problems we may not be able to successfully correct these problems in a timely manner or at all In addition if any of our proprietary features contain defects errors or bugs when first introduced or as new versions of our products are released we may be unable to timely correct these problems Consequently our reputation may be damaged and customers may be reluctant to buy our products which could harm our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers and could adversely affect our financial results In addition these defects errors or bugs could interrupt or delay sales to our customers If any of these problems are not found until after we have commenced commercial production of a new product we may incur significant additional development costs and product recall repair or replacement costs These problems may also result in claims against us by our customers or others
Generally we attempt to limit our liability to the replacement of the part or to the revenue received for the product through our negotiated agreements as well as our standard terms and conditions but these limitations on liability may not be effective or sufficient in scope in all cases If a customer s equipment fails in use the customer may incur significant monetary damages including an equipment recall or associated replacement expenses as well as lost revenue The customer may claim that a defect in our products caused the equipment failure and assert a claim against us to recover monetary damages The process of identifying a defective or potentially defective product in systems that have been widely distributed may be lengthy and require significant resources and may divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts We may test the affected product to determine the root cause of the problem and to determine appropriate solutions We may find an appropriate solution or a temporary fix while a permanent solution is being determined If we are unable to determine the root cause find an appropriate solution or offer a temporary fix we may delay shipment to customers As a result we may incur significant replacement costs customers may bring contract damage claims and our reputation may be harmed In certain situations we may incur costs or expenses related to a recall of one of our products in order to avoid the potential claims due to a design or manufacturing process defect Defects in our products could harm our relationships with our customers and damage our reputation Customers may be reluctant to buy our products which could harm our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers In addition the cost of defending these claims and satisfying any arbitration award or judicial judgment with respect to these claims could harm our business prospects and financial condition Although we carry product liability insurance we cannot be sure that we have obtained a sufficient amount of insurance coverage that asserted claims will be within the scope of coverage of the insurance or that we will have sufficient resources to satisfy any asserted claims arising from defects in our products or otherwise
We operate in industries characterized by rapidly changing technologies and industry standards as well as technological obsolescence We have developed products that may have long product life cycles of seven years or more We believe that our future success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new technologies and products that generate new sources of revenue to replace or build upon existing product revenue streams that may be dependent upon limited product life cycles If we are not able to repeatedly introduce in successive years new products that ship in volume our revenue will likely not grow and may decline significantly and rapidly
To compete successfully we must design develop market and sell new or enhanced products that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability while meeting industry standards and the cost expectations of our customers The introduction of new products by our competitors the delay or cancellation of a system or platform for which any of our products are designed the market acceptance of products based on new or alternative technologies or the emergence of new industry standards could render our existing or future products uncompetitive from a pricing standpoint obsolete or otherwise unmarketable Our failure to anticipate or timely develop new or enhanced products or technologies in response to technological shifts or changes in industry standards could result in decreased revenue and our competitors achieving design wins over us In particular we may experience difficulties with product design manufacturing marketing or certification that could delay or prevent our development introduction or marketing of new or enhanced products Although we believe our products are fully compliant with applicable industry standards proprietary enhancements may not in the future result in full conformance with existing industry standards under all circumstances Due to the interdependence of various components in the systems within which our products and the products of our competitors operate customers are unlikely to change to another design once adopted until the next generation of a technology Moreover products for our target markets are based on industry standards that are continually evolving and industry standards are often developed and promoted by larger companies who are industry leaders and provide other components of the systems in which our products are incorporated If larger companies do not support the same industry standards that we do or if competing standards emerge it could render our products incompatible with products developed by other suppliers or make it difficult for our products to meet the requirements of certain customers As a result if we fail to introduce new or enhanced products that meet prevailing industry standards and the needs of our customers or penetrate new markets in a timely fashion and our designs do not gain acceptance we will lose market share and our competitive position potentially on an extended basis and our operating results will be adversely affected Our pursuit of necessary technological advances will also require substantial time and expense
We generally do not maintain long term supply contracts with TSMC or other third party manufacturers or suppliers and any disruption in our supply of products or materials including raw material price fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
Except for our agreements with BizLink and Foxlink for the manufacture of certain AEC products we do not maintain long term supply contracts with TSMC or generally with any of our third party contract manufacturers or other suppliers We make substantially all of our purchases on a purchase order basis Our suppliers are not typically required to supply us products for any specific period or in any specific quantity and we negotiate pricing with our main vendors on a purchase order by purchase order basis We expect that it would take approximately 9 to 12 months to transition from our current foundry or assembly services to new providers Such a transition would likely result in increased production costs and require a qualification process by our customers or their end customers None of TSMC BizLink Foxlink or our third party manufacturers or other suppliers have provided contractual assurances to us that adequate capacity will be available to us to meet our anticipated future demand for our solutions We generally place orders for products with some of our suppliers several months prior to the anticipated delivery date with order volumes based on our forecasts of demand from our customers If we
inaccurately forecast demand for our products we may be unable to obtain adequate and cost effective foundry or assembly capacity from TSMC or our other third party manufacturers or suppliers to meet our customers delivery requirements or we may accumulate excess inventories Moreover even if we accurately forecast demand for our products we cannot be sure that TSMC or our other third party manufacturers or suppliers will allocate sufficient capacity to satisfy our requirements
These third party manufacturers often serve customers that are larger than us or require a greater portion of their services which may decrease our relative importance and negotiating leverage with these third parties TSMC and our assembly and test vendors may allocate capacity to the production of other companies products while reducing deliveries to us on short notice In particular other customers that are larger and better financed than us or that have long term agreements with TSMC or our assembly and test vendors may cause TSMC or our assembly and test vendors to reallocate capacity to those customers decreasing the capacity available to us If we enter into costly arrangements with suppliers that include nonrefundable deposits or loans in exchange for capacity commitments commitments to purchase specified quantities over extended periods or investment in a foundry our operating results could be harmed We may not be able to make any such arrangement in a timely fashion or at all and any arrangements may be costly reduce our financial flexibility and be on terms that are not favorable to us Moreover even if we are able to secure committed foundry capacity we may be obligated to use all of that capacity or incur penalties These penalties may be expensive and could harm our financial results To date we have not entered into such arrangements with TSMC or our assembly and test suppliers If we need another foundry or assembly and test subcontractor because of increased demand or if we are unable to obtain timely and adequate deliveries from our providers we might not be able to cost effectively and quickly retain other vendors to satisfy our requirements
Supply of raw materials may be negatively impacted by an unfavorable macroeconomic environment including as a result of increased tensions between the United States and its trading partners particularly the PRC In the event that we cannot timely obtain sufficient quantities of materials or at reasonable prices the quality of the material deteriorates or we are not able to pass on higher materials or energy costs to our customers our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted
Further the cost of raw materials is a key element in the cost of our products Our inability to offset material price inflation through increased prices to customers suppliers productivity actions or through commodity hedges could adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations Many major components product equipment items and raw materials are procured or subcontracted on a single or sole source basis Although we maintain a qualification and performance surveillance process and we believe that sources of supply for raw materials and components are generally adequate it is difficult to predict what effects shortages or price increases may have in the future Our inability to fill our supply needs would jeopardize our ability to fulfill obligations under our contracts which could in turn result in reduced sales and profits contract penalties or terminations and damage to our customer relationships
Furthermore increases in the price of silicon wafers copper cables printed circuit boards PCBs testing costs and commodities which may result in increased production costs mainly assembly and packaging costs may result in a decrease in our gross margins Moreover our suppliers may pass the increase in raw materials and commodity costs onto us which would further reduce the gross margin of our products In addition as we are a fabless company global market trends such as a shortage of capacity to fulfill our fabrication needs also may increase our raw material costs and thus decrease our gross margin
We rely on third parties for technologies that are integrated into our products such as wafer fabrication and assembly and test technologies used by our contract manufacturers as well as licensed architecture technologies If we are unable to continue to use or license these technologies on reasonable terms or if these technologies fail to operate properly we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner or at all and our ability to remain competitive would be harmed In addition if we are unable to successfully license technology from third parties to develop future products we may not be able to develop such products in a timely manner or at all The operation or security of our products could be impaired if errors or other defects occur in the third party technologies we use and it may be more difficult for us to correct any such errors and defects in a timely manner if at all because the development and maintenance of these technologies is not within our control Any impairment of the technologies or of our relationship with these third parties could harm our business
We depend on satisfactory wafer foundry manufacturing capacity wafer prices and production yields as well as timely wafer delivery to meet customer demand and enable us to maintain satisfactory gross margins The fabrication of our products is a complex and technically demanding process Minor deviations in the manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yields and in some cases cause production to be suspended Our IC foundry vendor TSMC other manufacturers with which we contract and any foundries we may employ in the future may experience manufacturing defects and reduced manufacturing yields from time to time If these vendors were to extend lead times limit supplies or the types of capacity we require or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors our revenue and gross margin may materially decline Further any new foundry vendors we employ may present additional and unexpected manufacturing challenges that could require significant management time and focus Changes in manufacturing processes or the inadvertent use of defective or contaminated materials by the foundries that we employ could result in lower than anticipated production yields or unacceptable performance of our devices Many of these problems are difficult to detect at an early stage of the manufacturing process and may be time consuming and expensive to correct Poor production yields from the foundries that we employ or defects integration issues or other performance problems in our solutions could significantly harm our customer relationships and financial results and give rise to financial or other damages to our customers
Manufacturing yields for new products initially tend to be lower as we complete product development and commence volume manufacturing and typically increase as we bring the product to full production Our business model includes the assumption of improving manufacturing yields and as a result material variances between projected and actual manufacturing yields will have a direct effect on our gross margin and profitability The difficulty of accurately forecasting manufacturing yields and maintaining cost competitiveness through improving manufacturing yields will continue to be magnified by the increasing process complexity of manufacturing semiconductor products
We develop many of our products for applications in systems that are driven by industry and technology leaders in the data infrastructure market We also work with customers system manufacturers and standards bodies to define industry conventions and standards within our target markets We believe these relationships enhance our ability to achieve market acceptance and widespread adoption of our products If we are unable to continue to develop or maintain these relationships our products and solutions would become less desirable to our customers our sales would suffer and our competitive position could be harmed
Average selling prices of semiconductor products in the markets we serve have historically decreased over time and we expect such declines to occur for our products over time Accordingly if competition increases in our target markets we may need to reduce the average unit price of our products in anticipation of competitive pricing pressures new product introductions by us or our competitors and for other reasons Our gross margins and financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset reductions in our average selling prices by reducing our costs developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or gross margins or increasing our sales volumes
We seek to offset the anticipated reductions in our average selling prices by reducing the cost of our products through improvements in manufacturing yields and lower wafer assembly and testing costs developing new products enhancing lower cost products on a timely basis and increasing unit sales Because we do not operate our own manufacturing or assembly facilities or most of our testing facilities we may not be able to reduce our costs as rapidly as companies that operate their own facilities and our costs may even increase which could further reduce our gross margins We rely primarily on obtaining yield improvements and volume based cost reductions to drive cost reductions in the manufacture of existing products introducing new products that incorporate advanced features and optimize die size and other price and performance factors that enable us to increase revenue while maintaining gross margins To the extent that such cost reductions or revenue increases do not occur at a sufficient level and in a timely manner our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected If we are unable to offset these anticipated reductions in our average selling prices our business financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected
Our gross margins may fluctuate due to a number of factors including customer and product mix revenue mix between various offerings market acceptance of our new products timing and seasonality of end market demand yield wafer pricing packaging and testing costs competitive pricing dynamics and geographic and market pricing strategies
To attract new customers or retain existing customers we have in the past and will in the future offer certain customers favorable prices which would decrease our average selling prices and likely impact gross margins Further we may also offer pricing incentives to our customers on earlier generations of products which could negatively affect our gross margins In addition in the event our customers including our larger customers exert more pressure with respect to pricing and other terms with us it could put downward pressure on our margins
In addition we maintain an inventory of our products at various stages of production and in finished goods inventory We hold these inventories in anticipation of customer orders If those customer orders do not materialize in a timely manner we may have excess or obsolete inventory which we would have to reserve or write down and our gross margins would be adversely affected
Our business has been and may continue to be adversely impacted by the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic or other future pandemics In addition to global and domestic macroeconomic effects during fiscal 2022 and 2023 the COVID 19 pandemic and related adverse public health measures caused disruption to our global operations and sales Our third party manufacturing partners suppliers distributors subcontractors and customers have been and may continue to be disrupted by worker absenteeism quarantines and restrictions on their employees ability to work office and factory closures disruptions to ports and other shipping infrastructure border closures and other travel or health related restrictions Depending on the magnitude of such effects on our manufacturing assembling testing and packaging activities or the operations of our manufacturing partners suppliers distributors sub
Although the COVID 19 pandemic related restrictions above have eased in most places any resurgences or appearances of new variants of COVID 19 or emergence of other contagious diseases in various regions may result in the reinstitution of similar restrictions We expect lingering impacts related to COVID 19 to continue for the foreseeable future For example we were impacted by COVID 19 outbreaks in Asia during the first half of fiscal 2023 that resulted in closed factories clogged ports and a shortage of workers as officials imposed lockdowns and mass testing requirements
In addition to operational and customer impacts the COVID 19 pandemic has had and is expected to continue to have and future pandemics are expected to have a significant impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries including an economic downturn which has affected and may in the future affect demand for our products and impact our operating results in both the near and long term There can be no assurance that any decreases in sales resulting from the COVID 19 pandemic or any future pandemic will be offset by increased sales in subsequent periods
Our ongoing efforts to manage these and other potential impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic and any impacts of future pandemics may be unsuccessful As the COVID 19 pandemic reaches endemic stages due to the continued uncertainty regarding its severity and duration including resurgences or mutations of the virus related public health measures and macroeconomic impacts at this time we are unable to predict its full impact on our business cash flows financial condition and results of operation
Our ability to receive timely payments from our customers could adversely impact our collection of accounts receivable and as a result our revenue We regularly review the collectability and creditworthiness of our customers to determine an appropriate allowance for credit losses Based on our review of our customers we had no reserve for credit losses as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 If our credit losses were to exceed our current or future allowance for credit losses our business financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected
We may need to raise additional funds in the future Any required additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities or convertible debt investors may experience significant dilution of their ownership interest and the newly issued securities may have rights senior to those of the holders of our ordinary shares If we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operational flexibility and would also require us to incur additional interest expense If additional financing is not available when required or is not available on acceptable terms we may have to scale back our operations or limit our production activities and we may not be able to expand our business develop or enhance our products or solutions take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures which could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations
To effectively manage our growth we must continue to expand our operational engineering and financial systems procedures and controls and to improve our accounting and other internal management systems This may require substantial managerial and financial resources and our efforts in this regard may not be successful Our current systems procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our future operations In addition in connection with operating as a public company we incur additional
significant legal accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company If our revenue does not increase to offset these increases in our expenses we may not achieve or maintain profitability in future periods Any failure to successfully implement systems enhancements and improvements will likely have a negative impact on our ability to manage our expected growth as well as our ability to ensure uninterrupted operation of key business systems and compliance with the rules and regulations applicable to public companies
If we are unable to manage our growth effectively we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities or develop new or improved products or solutions and we may fail to satisfy customer product or support requirements maintain the quality of our products or solutions execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures any of which could negatively affect our business financial condition and results of operations
To the extent we rely on distributors we may be unable to predict the extent to which these distributors will be successful in marketing and selling our products Moreover many of these distributors are also likely to market and sell competing products which may affect the extent to which they would promote our products Even where our relationships are formalized in contracts distributors have the right to terminate their relationships with us at any time Our future performance may also depend in part on our ability to attract distributors who would be able to market and support our products effectively especially in markets in which we have not previously sold our products If we cannot retain distributors or find replacement distributors our business financial condition and results of operations could be harmed Moreover because we do not control the sales representatives and other employees of our distributors any actions by the sales representatives and other employees of our distributors that do not comply with our sales process or priorities or applicable regulatory requirements could harm the reputation of our company or our products result in legal liability to us or result in sales that are below our expectations any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
Our compliance with applicable environmental health and safety laws as well as sustainability initiatives and climate change regulations could increase our costs restrict our operations and require expenditures that could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition
We and our manufacturers and other suppliers are subject to a variety of international laws and regulations relating to the use disposal clean up of and human exposure to hazardous materials Compliance with environmental health and safety requirements could among other things restrict our ability to expand our facilities or require us to acquire pollution control equipment all of which can be very costly Any failure by us to comply with such requirements could result in the limitation or suspension of the manufacture of our products and could result in litigation against us and the payment of significant fines and damages by us in the event of a significant adverse judgment In addition complying with any cleanup or remediation obligations for which we are or become responsible could be costly and have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
Changing requirements relating to the materials composition of our semiconductor products including the restrictions on lead and certain other substances in electronic products sold in various countries including the United States the PRC and Japan and in the European Union increase the complexity and costs of our product design and procurement operations and may require us to re engineer our products Such re engineering may result in excess inventory or other additional costs and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations We may also experience claims from employees from time to time with regard to exposure to hazardous materials or other workplace related environmental claims
assurance that regulators customers investors and employees will determine that these programs are sufficiently robust In addition there can be no assurance that we will be able to accomplish our announced goals related to our sustainability initiatives as statements regarding our sustainability goals reflect our current plans and aspirations and are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them within the timelines we announce or at all Actual or perceived shortcomings with respect to our sustainability initiatives and reporting can impact our ability to hire and retain employees increase our customer base reelect our board of directors or attract and retain certain types of investors In addition many of our stakeholders are increasingly focused on specific disclosures and frameworks related to sustainability matters Collecting measuring and reporting sustainability information and metrics can be costly difficult and time consuming is subject to evolving reporting standards and can present numerous operational reputational financial legal and other risks any of which could have a material impact on us including on our reputation and stock price Inadequate processes to collect and review this information prior to disclosure could subject us to potential liability related to such information
There is a risk that we will be a passive foreign investment company for the current or any future taxable year which generally would result in adverse U S federal income tax consequences to U S investors in our ordinary shares
In general a non U S corporation is a passive foreign investment company PFIC for U S federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which i 50 or more of the average value of its assets generally determined on a quarterly basis consists of assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income or ii 75 or more of its gross income consists of passive income For purposes of the above calculations a non U S corporation that owns directly or indirectly at least 25 by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation Passive income generally includes dividends interest rents or royalties other than certain rents or royalties earned in the conduct of an active business and investment gains Cash is generally a passive asset for these purposes Goodwill is generally characterized as an active asset to the extent it is associated with business activities that produce active income
Based on the manner in which we currently conduct our business our current and expected composition of our income and assets and the estimated value of our assets we believe that we were not a PFIC for our taxable year ending on April 27 2024 However our PFIC status for any year is based on an annual determination for such year and there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U S taxpayer held ordinary shares the U S taxpayer generally would be subject to adverse U S federal income tax consequences including increased tax liability on disposition gains and certain distributions and additional reporting requirements
We are affected by various taxes imposed in different jurisdictions including direct and indirect taxes imposed on our global activities Significant judgment is required in determining our provisions for taxes and there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain The amount of income tax we pay is subject to ongoing audits by tax authorities If audits result in payments or assessments our future results may include unfavorable adjustments to our tax liabilities and we could be adversely affected Any significant changes to the tax system in the jurisdictions where we operate could adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
Cybersecurity breaches cyberattacks and other disruptions to information technology systems could disrupt our operations compromise the confidentiality of our data or our intellectual property and adversely affect our business reputation operations and financial results
We rely on our information technology systems and those of our vendors suppliers and customers including hardware software cloud services infrastructure networks and systems for the effective operation of our business and for secure maintenance and storage of confidential data relating to our business Additionally in the ordinary course of business we collect store and otherwise process sensitive data including intellectual property and proprietary business information as well as personal information of our customers and employees on information technology systems including systems that may be controlled or maintained by third parties The secure operation of these information technology systems and the processing and maintenance of the information processed by these systems is critical to our business operations While we strive to implement various controls and defenses cybersecurity attacks and threats have continued to become more prevalent and sophisticated These threats are constantly evolving making it increasingly difficult to successfully defend against or implement adequate preventive measures Geopolitical tensions or conflicts have in the past led to and may in the future lead to increased risk of cybersecurity attacks Additionally AI technologies also may be used to implement certain cybersecurity attacks or to increase their intensity which may further increase risk Notwithstanding defensive measures experienced programmers hackers state actors or others may be able to penetrate our security controls or those of our vendors suppliers or customers through attacks such as but not limited to phishing or other forms of social engineering impersonating authorized users ransomware spyware viruses worms and other malicious software programs software supply chain attacks exploitation of compromised commercial software bugs and other cybersecurity weaknesses and vulnerabilities covert introduction of malware to computers and networks Any attack on the information technology systems of us or one of our vendors suppliers or customers may be difficult to detect designed to remain dormant until a triggering event or may continue undetected for an extended period of time In addition our information technology systems and those of our vendors suppliers and customers may be vulnerable to damage disruptions or shutdowns due to errors negligence or malfeasance by employees contractors or others
Cybersecurity breaches cyberattacks and other disruptions to our information technology systems or those of our vendors suppliers or customers could compromise the confidentiality operational integrity and accessibility of our information technology systems or those of our vendors suppliers or customers which could result in the compromise or unauthorized access to or publication loss or other processing of our data including personal information or intellectual property as well as interruptions or delays in our business operations loss of existing or future customers and damage to our reputation which could adversely affect our business reputation and financial results In addition such events could result in violations of privacy data protection cybersecurity or other laws or regulations increase the risk of litigation or regulatory investigation or cause us to incur losses including if attackers initiate wire transfers or access our bank or investment accounts We expect ongoing and increasing costs related to investments in technology controls processes and practices however these investments may not be sufficient to shield us from significant losses or liability in the event of a cybersecurity breach cyberattack or other disruption to our information technology systems
Our ability to operate our business depends on the efficient operation of internal and third party information technology systems including cloud computing data centers hardware software and applications to manage our company We strive to use quality and secure systems work with reputable system vendors and implement procedures intended to enable us to protect our systems
Our information technology systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted due to events such as natural or human caused disasters extreme weather geopolitical events and security issues computer viruses cybersecurity breaches cyberattacks disruptions telecommunication failures and similar events which could adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations Our systems are not fully redundant and depending on the severity of the damage or interruption our disaster recovery plan and procedures may be inadequate or ineffective These events could also damage our reputation and result in increased costs or loss of sales
Within the data infrastructure industry our target markets include networking OEMs optical module OEMs hyperscalers 5G communications IoT HPC and artificial intelligence markets Any deterioration in our target customer or product markets or reduction in capital spending to support these markets could lead to a reduction in demand for our products which would adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations Further these markets are relatively new and still developing and if our target customer markets do not grow or develop in ways that we currently expect demand for our products and solutions may not materialize as expected which would also negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations
We may be unable to predict the timing or development of trends in our target markets with any accuracy If we fail to accurately predict market requirements or market demand for these products and solutions our business will suffer A market shift towards an industry standard that we may not support could significantly decrease the demand for our products and solutions
Our future revenue growth if any will depend in part on our ability to expand within our existing markets our ability to continue to penetrate emerging markets such as the 5G communications market and our ability to enter into new markets Each of these markets presents distinct and substantial challenges and risks and in many cases requires us to develop new customized solutions to address the particular requirements of that market Meeting the technical requirements and securing design wins in any of these new markets will require a substantial investment of our time and resources We cannot assure you that we will secure design wins from these or other new markets or that we will achieve meaningful revenue from sales in these markets If any of these markets do not develop as we currently anticipate or if we are unable to penetrate them and scale in them successfully our revenue may not increase or could decline
We are currently investing significant resources to develop semiconductor solutions supporting 100G 200G 400G 800G 1 6T data transmission rates in order to increase the number of such solutions in our product line If we fail to accurately predict market requirements or market demand for 100G 200G 400G 800G 1 6T semiconductor solutions or if our 100G 200G 400G 800G 1 6T semiconductor solutions are not successfully developed or competitive in the industry our business will suffer If 100G 200G 400G 800G 1 6T networks are deployed to a lesser extent or more slowly than we currently anticipate we may not realize any benefits from our investment As a result our business financial condition and results of operations would suffer
Our business is dependent on continued capital expenditures by data centers and service providers and any downturn that such centers or providers experience could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations
Our business depends on continued capital expenditures by data center service providers and is subject to the cyclicality of such expenditures If the demand for our customers products declines or fails to increase as a result of lower capital expenditures by service providers or any other factors demand for our products will be similarly affected Global economic downturns have caused in the past and may cause in the future a significant reduction in capital spending on data infrastructure equipment which could materially and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
The data infrastructure industry requires substantial investment in research and development in order to develop and bring to market new and enhanced technologies and products Our products originated with our research and development efforts and have provided us with a significant competitive advantage Our research and development expenses were 95 5 million for fiscal 2024 We are committed to investing in new product development in order to remain competitive in our target markets We do not know whether we will have sufficient resources to maintain the level of investment in research and development required to remain competitive In addition there is no assurance that the technologies which are the focus of our research and development expenditures will become commercially successful Increased investments in research and development or unsuccessful research and development efforts could cause our cost structure to fall out of alignment with demand for our products which would have a negative impact on our financial results
The general compute and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning AI ML infrastructure market is an emerging market that will depend on the success of generative AI technologies and this market may not develop as we currently expect including due to regulatory uncertainty
Our hyperscale customers are increasingly pursuing AI ML infrastructure and we believe the AI ML infrastructure market is a significant growth opportunity for our connectivity solutions Our business operations and future prospects in the AI ML infrastructure market will depend in part on the successful development deployment and market acceptance of generative AI technologies Generative AI involves the use of advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to create content generate ideas or simulate human like behaviors While we believe generative AI presents significant opportunities for our connectivity solutions there are inherent risks and challenges that could hinder our success in this domain including but not limited to
Uncertain Commercial Viability The development and adoption of generative AI technologies are still in their early stages and their commercial viability is uncertain There is a risk that the demand for connectivity solutions for such technologies may not meet our expectations or that market acceptance may be slower than anticipated Failure to achieve widespread acceptance and generate significant revenues from generative AI technologies could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations
Technical Limitations and Failures The development of generative AI technologies is complex and there are technical challenges associated with achieving the desired level of accuracy efficiency and reliability The algorithms and models utilized in generative AI systems may have limitations including biases errors or inability to handle certain data types or scenarios Furthermore there is a risk of system failures disruptions or vulnerabilities that could compromise the integrity security or privacy of the generated content These limitations or failures could result in reputational damage legal liabilities or loss of user confidence which in turn could result in lower than anticipated demand from hyperscalers for connectivity solutions in the AI ML infrastructure market
Regulatory and Compliance Risks Generative AI technologies and the perceived risks in the use and development of generative AI technologies is emerging as a source of significant media attention and societal and political debate The regulatory landscape surrounding generative AI technologies is evolving and there is currently significant uncertainty as to whether governmental authorities self regulatory institutions or other regulatory authorities will take additional action to curtail the development or use of generative AI technologies Moreover laws regulations or industry standards that develop in response to generative AI technologies may be burdensome or may prohibit the deployment of generative AI technologies for one or more uses any of which could result in lower than anticipated demand from hyperscalers for connectivity solutions in the AI ML infrastructure market
Ethical Considerations and Public Perception Generative AI technologies raise ethical concerns related to privacy transparency fairness and potential misuse Public perception of AI and its societal impacts could affect the adoption and acceptance of generative AI systems Negative media coverage public backlash or ethical controversies involving AI technologies whether related to any company s specific products or the industry as a whole could harm the reputation of companies providing generative AI systems limit their market opportunities or result in additional regulatory scrutiny any of which could result in lower than anticipated demand from hyperscalers for connectivity solutions in the AI ML infrastructure market
These risks are not exhaustive and additional factors that are currently unknown or beyond our control may also impair the development deployment or commercialization of generative AI technologies which in turn would result in lower than anticipated demand from hyperscalers for connectivity solutions in the AI ML infrastructure market and could materially and adversely affect our growth prospects and results of operations
The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change rapid product obsolescence and price erosion evolving standards short product life cycles and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand From time to time these factors together with changes in macroeconomic conditions can cause significant upturns and downturns in the semiconductor industry and in our business The industry has experienced significant downturns during recent global recessions These downturns have been characterized by diminished product demand production overcapacity high inventory levels and accelerated erosion of average selling prices Any future downturns could negatively impact our business and operating results Furthermore any upturn in the semiconductor industry could result in increased competition for access to third party foundry and assembly capacity We are dependent on the availability of this capacity to manufacture and assemble our products Neither our third party foundry nor our assembly contractors has provided assurances that adequate capacity will be available to us in the future We cannot predict the duration or timing of any downturn or upturn in the semiconductor industry
Social and environmental responsibility regulations policies and provisions as well as customer and investor demands may make our supply chain more complex and may adversely affect our relationships with customers and investors
There is an increasing focus on corporate social and environmental responsibility in the semiconductor industry A number of our customers have adopted or may adopt procurement policies that include social and environmental responsibility provisions or requirements that their suppliers should comply with or they may seek to include such provisions or requirements in their procurement terms and conditions An increasing number of investors are also requiring companies to disclose corporate social and environmental policies practices and metrics Legal and regulatory requirements as well as investor expectations on corporate social responsibility practices and disclosure are subject to change can be unpredictable and may be difficult and expensive for us to comply with given the complexity of our supply chain and our significant outsourced manufacturing If we are unable to comply or are unable to cause our suppliers to comply with such policies or provisions or meet the requirements of our customers and our investors it could harm our reputation such customers may stop purchasing products from us which would harm our revenue and results of operations or such investors may sell their shares which could cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to decline
In addition as part of their corporate social and environmental responsibility programs as well as the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act which imposes disclosure requirements regarding the use in components of products of conflict minerals mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries whether the components of such products are manufactured by them or third parties an increasing number of OEMs are seeking to source products that do not contain minerals sourced from areas where proceeds from the sale of such minerals are likely to be used to fund armed
conflicts such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo This could adversely affect the sourcing availability and pricing of minerals used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices including our products As a result we may face difficulties in satisfying these customers demands which may harm our sales and operating results In addition there are additional costs to us associated with complying with these disclosure requirements and customer requests such as costs related to our due diligence to determine the source of any conflict minerals used in our products Compliance with these requirements could be expensive and we may face reputational challenges if we are unable to verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in products through the procedures we have implemented
Our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by worldwide economic conditions as well as political and economic conditions in the countries in which we conduct business
We outsource the fabrication and assembly of all of our products to third parties that are primarily located in Asia In addition we conduct research and development activities in the United States mainland China Taiwan and Hong Kong We also conduct marketing and administrative functions in the United States and mainland China In addition members of our sales force are located in the United States mainland China Taiwan Japan and Canada Accordingly our business and operating results are impacted by worldwide economic conditions Uncertainty about current global economic conditions which has been characterized by rising interest rates and inflation geopolitical instability continuing risk from the COVID 19 pandemic and public health measures related to it and supply chain uncertainty has caused and may continue to cause businesses to postpone or reduce spending This in turn could have a material adverse effect on our supply chain or the demand for our products or the systems into which our products are incorporated Multiple factors relating to our international operations and to particular countries in which we operate could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations These factors include
trade and foreign exchange restrictions and higher tariffs including the ongoing trade tensions between the United States and the PRC that has resulted in higher tariffs on certain semiconductor products
restrictions including economic sanctions imposed by the U S government or foreign governments on our ability to do business with certain companies or in certain countries as a result of international political conflicts war climate change or the COVID 19 pandemic and the complexity of complying with those restrictions
These risks could harm our international operations delay new product releases increase our operating costs and hinder our ability to grow our operations and business and consequently our business financial condition and results of operations could suffer For example we rely on TSMC in Taiwan as the foundry for all of our semiconductor products If political tensions between the PRC and Taiwan were to increase further it could disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation
Our global operations expose us to numerous legal and regulatory requirements and failure to comply with such requirements including unexpected changes to such requirements could adversely affect our results of operations
We service our customers around the world We are subject to numerous and sometimes conflicting legal regimes of the United States and foreign national state and provincial authorities on matters as diverse as anti corruption trade restrictions tariffs taxation sanctions immigration internal and disclosure control obligations environmental impact securities regulation anti competition data protection cybersecurity privacy labor relations wages and severance and health care requirements For example our operations in the United States are and our operations outside of the United States may also be subject to U S laws on these diverse matters U S laws may be different in significant respects from the laws of the PRC or Taiwan where we have significant operations and jurisdictions where we seek to expand U S laws could also directly conflict with PRC laws forcing businesses to choose between compliance with conflicting legal regimes For example in January 2021 the Ministry of Commerce of the People s Republic of China MOFCOM issued MOFCOM Order No 1 of 2021 on Rules Counteracting Unjustified Extraterritorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures Order No 1 MOFCOM s Order No 1 established a blocking regime aimed at counteracting the impact of foreign sanctions on Chinese persons and entities It allows MOFCOM to prohibit Chinese persons and entities from complying with identified foreign laws and creates a private right of action for Chinese entities and persons affected by those laws to seek damages Order No 1 will become operational once the Chinese government identifies the specific extraterritorial legislation and other measures to which it applies These measures could include U S export controls and sanctions We also may seek to expand operations in emerging market jurisdictions where legal systems are less developed or familiar to us
In addition there can be no assurance that the laws or administrative practices relating to taxation including the current position as to income and withholding taxes foreign exchange export controls economic sanctions or otherwise in the jurisdictions where we have operations will not change Changes in tax laws in some jurisdictions may also have a retroactive effect and we may be found to have paid less tax than required in such regions Compliance with diverse legal requirements is costly time consuming and requires significant resources Violations of one or more of these regulations in the conduct of our business could result in significant fines criminal sanctions against us or our officers prohibitions on doing business and damage to our reputation Violations of these regulations in connection with the performance of our obligations to our customers also could result in liability for significant monetary damages fines or criminal prosecution unfavorable publicity and other reputational damage and allegations by our customers that we have not performed our contractual obligations Due to the varying degrees of development of the legal systems of the countries in which we operate local laws might be insufficient to protect our rights
We are subject to government regulation including import export and economic sanctions Trade Controls laws and regulations that may expose us to liability and could increase our costs of doing business The export or reexport of certain products software and other technology may require export authorizations including by license a license exception or other appropriate government authorizations and conditions including annual or semi annual reporting Export control and economic sanctions laws also include prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain of our products to embargoed or sanctioned countries regions governments persons and entities Trade Controls laws are complex and can change frequently and with limited notice and have generally become more stringent and have intensified over time especially in light of ongoing trade tensions between the United States and the PRC We may be required to incur significant expense to comply with or to remedy violations of these regulations
For example we sell to markets in Asia where multiple companies are subject to export restrictions resulting in license requirements for or in some instances the prohibition of exports of items subject to control under Trade Controls laws of the United States and other countries to those entities We are taking steps to continuously improve our compliance programs to prevent and if necessary detect violations of Trade Controls laws However despite our efforts we have in the past and may again in the future determine that certain exports may have been made in violation of Trade Controls laws While we have sought to address the deficiencies that resulted in the apparent violations through additional training system enhancements and enhanced export controls we cannot assure you that our policies and procedures relating to Trade Controls compliance will prevent violations in the future If we fail to comply with Trade Controls laws we and our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties including the possible loss of export privileges monetary penalties and in extreme cases imprisonment of responsible individuals for knowing and willful violations of these laws We may also be adversely affected through penalties reputational harm loss of access to certain markets or otherwise
In addition various countries regulate the import and export of certain encryption and other technology including import and export permitting and licensing requirements and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products and solutions or could limit our users ability to access our products and solutions in those countries Changes in our products and solutions or future changes in Trade Controls regulations of the United States or other countries may prevent our users with international operations from utilizing our products and solutions globally or in some cases prevent the export or import of our products and solutions to certain countries governments or persons altogether For example in May 2019 the PRC government announced the establishment of the Unreliable Entity List a framework for economic sanctions that could restrict or prohibit China related export or import activities for listed entities among other measures In September 2020 the PRC government issued the Regulations on Unreliable Entity List setting out principles for administration of the Unreliable Entity List framework Any future change in export or import regulations economic sanctions or related legislation or change in the countries governments persons or technologies targeted by such regulations could
result in decreased use of our products and solutions by or in our decreased ability to export or sell products and solutions to existing or potential customers with international operations Any decreased use of our products or solutions or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products and solutions would likely adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
We cannot predict whether any material suits claims or investigations relating to these laws may arise in the future Regardless of the outcome of any future actions claims or investigations we may incur substantial costs relating to the investigation and defense of claims of potential violations and such actions may cause a diversion of management time and attention Also it is possible that we may be required to pay substantial damages penalties or settlement costs which could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
We face significant economic and political risks associated with doing business in Taiwan particularly due to the geopolitical tension between Taiwan and mainland China that could negatively affect our business and the trading price of our ordinary shares
We conduct a portion of our business in Taiwan and our Taiwanese suppliers are critical within our supply chain Accordingly our business financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our ordinary shares may be affected by changes in governmental policies taxation inflation or interest rates in Taiwan and by social instability and diplomatic and social developments in or affecting Taiwan which are outside of our control In particular the unique political status of Taiwan and its evolving relationship with mainland China has the potential to disrupt our business and the business of our suppliers Past developments related to the interactions between mainland China and Taiwan especially in relation to trade activities such as bans on exports of goods from time to time have on occasion depressed the transactions and business operations of certain Taiwanese companies and Taiwan s overall economic environment We cannot predict whether there will be escalation of the tensions between mainland China and Taiwan which would lead to new bans or tariffs on exports or even conflict A substantial amount of our revenue is derived from products manufactured in Taiwan and as a result disruptions to business in Taiwan could also adversely impact our business and results of operations
We generated 36 of our revenue in Hong Kong in fiscal 2024 and 19 of our assets by book value were held in Hong Kong as of fiscal 2024 Accordingly political and economic conditions in Hong Kong and the surrounding region may directly affect our business Since early 2019 a number of political protests and conflicts have occurred in Hong Kong in connection with proposed legislation that would allow local authorities to detain and extradite people who are wanted in territories that Hong Kong does not have extradition agreements with including mainland China and Taiwan Such protests have negatively impacted the economy of Hong Kong including the retail market property market stock market and tourism
On May 28 2020 the National People s Congress of the People s Republic of China approved a proposal to impose a new national security law for Hong Kong and authorized the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress to proceed to work out details of the legislation to be implemented in Hong Kong On June 30 2020 The Law of the People s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security Law in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region the Hong Kong National Security Law became effective Among other things it criminalizes separatism subversion terrorism and foreign interference in Hong Kong
As a result of the Hong Kong National Security Law in July 2020 the U S government enacted the Hong Kong Autonomy Act authorizing the U S administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities determined to materially contribute to the erosion of Hong Kong s autonomy The Hong Kong Autonomy Act further authorizes secondary sanctions including the imposition of blocking sanctions against foreign financial institutions that knowingly conduct a significant transaction with foreign persons sanctioned under this authority On the same day the U S President also issued Executive
Order 13936 pursuant to which existing license exceptions and preferential status for Hong Kong under relevant U S export control laws and regulations were revoked The combined effect of the Hong Kong National Security Law the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and Executive Order 13936 have caused and may continue to cause substantial market uncertainties for businesses operating in Hong Kong We cannot rule out the possibility of additional sanctions or other forms of penalties by the U S and foreign governments against Hong Kong which may impact our ability to business in Hong Kong
We operate in a number of countries throughout the world We are subject to the risk that we our U S employees or our employees located in other jurisdictions or any third parties that we engage to do work on our behalf in foreign countries may take action determined to be in violation of anti corruption laws in any jurisdiction in which we conduct business including the U S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 FCPA In addition we operate in certain countries in which the government may take an ownership stake in an enterprise and such government ownership may not be readily apparent thereby increasing the risk of potential FCPA violations Any violation of the FCPA or any similar anti corruption law or regulation could result in substantial fines sanctions civil and or criminal penalties and curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions and might adversely affect our business results of operations or financial condition In addition we have internal ethics policies that we require our employees to comply with in order to ensure that our business is conducted in a manner that our management deems appropriate If these anti corruption laws or internal policies were to be violated our reputation and operations could be substantially harmed
Any failure to comply with foreign exchange registration requirements may expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners or PRC participants of employee stock incentive plans to liability and penalties under PRC law
In July 2014 the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles SAFE Circular 37 SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents including PRC citizens PRC corporate entities and other persons that are deemed PRC residents to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the SAFE registrations in the event of any changes with respect to the basic information and material matters of the offshore special purpose vehicle including an increase or decrease of capital contribution by the PRC residents share transfer or exchange or mergers or divisions However due to inherent uncertainty in the implementation of the regulatory requirements by the PRC authorities such registration might not always be practically available in all circumstances as provided in those regulations While it is uncertain whether we will be deemed a special purpose vehicle as regulated by SAFE Circular 37 our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents may be required to conduct the registration which registrations are yet to be completed sometimes due to reasons beyond their control
Further PRC citizens and certain PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas listed companies are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent which could be the PRC subsidiaries of such overseas listed company and complete certain other procedures Our employees who are PRC citizens or residents and who have been or will be granted incentive shares or options may be subject to these regulations Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject our PRC subsidiaries or our executive officers and other employees to fines and legal sanctions
We may not at all times be fully informed of the identities of all the PRC residents holding direct or indirect interests in our company and we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities or all of our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or residents and who have been or will be granted incentive shares or options have
complied with and will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by SAFE regulations Failure or inability by our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or by our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or residents and who have been or will be granted incentive shares or options to comply with SAFE regulations failure by us to conduct or amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries or failure to disclose or a misrepresentation of the controller s or ultimate shareholders of the foreign invested enterprise that is established through round trip investment could subject us to fines or legal sanctions such as restrictions on our overseas or cross border investment activities or our PRC subsidiaries ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us As a result our ability to contribute capital to fund our business operations in the PRC and our ability to receive distributions from our PRC subsidiaries could be materially and adversely affected We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors executive officers and employees under PRC law
Our sales have been historically denominated in U S dollars and in mainland China the Renminbi An increase in the value of the U S dollar or of the Renminbi relative to the currencies of the countries in which our customers operate could impair the ability of our customers to cost effectively purchase or integrate our solutions into their product offerings which may materially affect the demand for our products or solutions and cause these customers to reduce their orders which in turn would adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations If we increase operations in other currencies in the future we may experience further foreign exchange gains or losses due to the volatility of other currencies compared to the U S dollar and the Renminbi Certain of our employees are located in Hong Kong and Taiwan Accordingly a portion of our payroll as well as certain other operating expenses are paid in currencies other than the U S dollar and the Renminbi Our results of operations are denominated in U S dollars and the difference in exchange rates in one period compared to another may directly impact period to period comparisons of our results of operations Furthermore currency exchange rates have been especially volatile in the recent past and these currency fluctuations may make it difficult for us to predict our results of operations
We have not implemented any hedging strategies to mitigate risks related to the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates Even if we were to implement hedging strategies not every exposure can be hedged and where hedges are put in place based on expected foreign exchange exposure they are based on forecasts which may vary or which may later prove to have been inaccurate Failure to hedge successfully or anticipate currency risks accurately could adversely affect our operating results
We may face claims of intellectual property infringement misappropriation or other violations which could be time consuming or costly to defend or settle result in the loss of significant rights or harm our relationships with our customers or reputation in the industry
The semiconductor and data infrastructure industries are characterized by companies that hold patents and other intellectual property rights and that vigorously pursue protect and enforce intellectual property rights From time to time third parties may assert against us and our customers their patent and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business
We may in the future particularly as a public company with an increased profile and visibility receive communications from others alleging our infringement misappropriation or other violation of patents trade secrets or other intellectual property rights In addition in the event that we recruit employees from other technology companies including certain potential competitors and these employees are involved in the development of products that are similar to the products they assisted in developing for their former employers we may become subject to claims that such employees have improperly used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information We may also in the future be subject to claims by our
Claims that our products processes or technology infringe misappropriate or otherwise violate third party intellectual property rights regardless of their merit or resolution could be time consuming or costly to defend or settle and could divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel Infringement claims also could harm our relationships with our customers and might deter future customers from doing business with us We do not know whether we will prevail in these proceedings given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation If any pending or future proceedings result in an adverse outcome we could be required to
Additionally even if successful in such proceedings our rights in our products processes or technology may be invalidated or narrowed Moreover there could be public announcements of the results of hearings motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our ordinary shares Any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
Any potential dispute involving patents or other intellectual property could affect our customers and vendors which could trigger our indemnification obligations to them and result in substantial expense to us
In any potential dispute involving patents or other intellectual property our customers and vendors could also become the target of litigation Our agreements with customers and vendors generally include indemnification or other provisions under which we agree to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for certain losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement Large indemnity payments could harm our business financial condition and results of operations From time to time customers require us to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for breach of confidentiality or failure to implement adequate security measures with respect to their intellectual property and trade secrets Although we normally contractually limit our liability with respect to such obligations we may still incur substantial liability related to them Any litigation against our customers could trigger technical support and indemnification obligations under some of our agreements which could result in substantial expense to us
In addition other customers and vendors may ask us to indemnify them if a claim is made as a condition to awarding future design wins to us Because some of our counterparts are larger than we are and have greater resources than we do they may be more likely to be the target of an infringement claim by third parties than we would be which could increase our chances of becoming involved in a future lawsuit If any such claims were to succeed we might be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers or vendors that could increase our expenses disrupt our ability to sell our solutions and reduce
our revenue Any dispute with a customer or vendor with respect to such obligations could have adverse effects on our relationship with such customer or vendor and other current and prospective customers or vendors and reduce demand for our solutions In addition to the time and expense required for us to supply support or indemnification to our customers any such litigation could severely disrupt or shut down the business of our customers or vendors which in turn could hurt our relations with them and cause the sale of our products to decrease Any of the foregoing could harm our business financial condition and results of operations
We face risks related to the protection of our intellectual property particularly outside the United States We use a significant amount of intellectual property in our business Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property can be difficult and costly and if we are unable to obtain maintain and protect our intellectual property our business could be adversely affected
Our success depends in part upon our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection with respect to our products and the technology we develop To accomplish this we rely on a combination of intellectual property rights including patents copyrights and trademarks in the United States and in selected foreign countries where we believe filing for such protection is appropriate We also rely on trade secret laws as well as confidentiality and non disclosure and other contractual protections to protect our proprietary know how
We cannot assure you that any patents from any pending or future patent applications will be issued and even if our pending patent applications are granted the scope of the rights granted to us may not be meaningful may not provide us with a commercial advantage and may be subject to reinterpretation after issuance The patent prosecution process is expensive time consuming and complex and we may not be able to file prosecute maintain enforce or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection Failure to timely seek patent protection on products or technologies generally precludes us from seeking future patent protection on these products or technologies Even if we do timely seek patent protection the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before a patent is issued and its scope can be reinterpreted after issuance We cannot guarantee that
any of the trademarks copyrights trade secrets or other intellectual property rights that we presently employ in our business will not lapse or be invalidated narrowed circumvented challenged abandoned or otherwise diminished or eliminated or
In addition our competitors or others may design around our protected patents or other intellectual property rights Effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or more limited in foreign jurisdictions relative to those protections available in the United States or may not be applied for in one or
more relevant jurisdictions Even if foreign patents are granted effective enforcement in foreign countries may not be available The failure of our patents to adequately protect our technology might make it easier for our competitors to offer similar products or technologies and our business financial condition and operations could be adversely affected
Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly Unauthorized use of our intellectual property may have occurred or may occur in the future Although we have taken steps to minimize the risk of this occurring any such failure to identify unauthorized use and otherwise adequately protect our intellectual property would adversely affect our business From time to time we may need to commence litigation or other legal proceedings in order to
Lawsuits or other proceedings that we initiate to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights could be expensive time consuming and unsuccessful Any claims we assert against perceived infringers could provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe their intellectual property or alleging that our intellectual property is invalid or unenforceable Moreover if we are required to commence litigation whether as a plaintiff or defendant we would also be forced to divert our attention and the efforts of our employees which could in turn result in lower revenue and higher expenses If we pursue litigation to assert our intellectual property rights an adverse decision in any of these legal actions could limit our ability to assert our intellectual property rights limit the value of our technology or otherwise negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations Legal fees related to such litigation will increase our operating expenses and may reduce our net income
In addition to patent protection we also rely on other proprietary rights including protection of trade secrets and other proprietary information that is not patentable or that we elect not to patent However trade secrets can be difficult to protect and some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets We rely on contractual protections with our customers suppliers employees and consultants and we implement cybersecurity measures designed to protect our trade secrets We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes The semiconductor industry is generally subject to high turnover of employees so the risk of trade secret misappropriation may be amplified Unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our trade secrets and other intellectual property could enable third parties to benefit from our technologies without paying us for doing so which could harm our business We cannot assure you that our contractual protections and cybersecurity measures have not been or will not be breached or that we will have adequate remedies for any such breach Accordingly we cannot guarantee that we have secured or will be able to secure effective protections for all of our trade secrets or other proprietary information that we use or claim rights to
Many of our products include intellectual property licensed from third parties and we are party to a number of third party intellectual property license agreements Some of these license agreements require us to make one time payments or ongoing royalty payments We cannot guarantee that the third party patents and technology we license will not be licensed to our competitors or others in the semiconductor industry As a result we may not be able to prevent competitors from developing and commercializing competitive products in territories included in all of our licenses In the future we may need to obtain additional licenses renew existing license agreements or otherwise replace existing technology We are unable to predict whether these license agreements can be obtained or renewed or the technology can be replaced on acceptable terms or at all In that event we may be required to expend significant time and resources to redesign our technology products or the methods for manufacturing them or to develop
or license replacement technology all of which may not be feasible on a technical or commercial basis Any disputes with our licensing partners with respect to such agreements could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property increase our obligations under such agreements or restrict our ability to develop and market our current or new products and services Any of these events could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations
Further certain of our agreements contain provisions permitting the other party to become a party to or a beneficiary of a source code escrow agreement under which we place certain proprietary source code in escrow with a third party Under these source code escrow agreements our source code may be released to the party upon the occurrence of specified events such as in situations of our bankruptcy or insolvency or our failure to support or maintain our source code Disclosing the content of our source code may limit the intellectual property protection we can obtain or maintain for our source code or our software containing such source code and may facilitate intellectual property infringement misappropriation or other violation claims against us
In addition from time to time we enter into agreements with select customers vendors and others to customize and otherwise develop technologies and intellectual property and we expect to enter into new similar arrangements from time to time in the future Some of these agreements contain terms that allocate ownership of and rights to use and enforce technologies and intellectual property rights As a result of these agreements we may be required to limit use of or refrain from using certain of such related technologies and intellectual property rights in parts of our business Determining inventorship and ownership of technologies and intellectual property rights resulting from development activities can be difficult and uncertain Disputes may arise with customers vendors and other third parties regarding ownership of and rights to use and enforce these technologies and intellectual property rights or regarding interpretation of our agreements with these third parties and these disputes may result in claims against us or claims that intellectual property rights which we believe we own are not owned by us are not enforceable or are invalid The cost and effort to resolve these types of disputes or the loss of intellectual property rights if we lose these types of disputes could harm our business and financial condition
A breach of our information technology systems or physical security systems or any actual or perceived violation of privacy data protection or cybersecurity laws could harm our business and operating results
We rely on our information technology systems as well as those of our vendors suppliers and customers to transmit store and otherwise process electronic information including sensitive data such as confidential business information and personal information relating to employees customers and other business partners and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities We and our vendors suppliers and customers face various cybersecurity threats including threats to our information technology infrastructure and attempts to gain access to our sensitive or proprietary information denial of service attacks requests for money transfers ransomware as well as threats to the physical security of our facilities and employees In addition we face cybersecurity threats from entities that may seek to target us through our customers vendors subcontractors employees and other third parties with whom we do business We may experience cybersecurity threats such as viruses and attacks by hackers targeting our information technology systems We can provide no assurance that our current information technology systems or those of the third parties upon which we rely are fully protected against such cyber security threats Although such events have not had a material impact on our financial condition results of operations or liquidity or reputation to date future threats could among other things cause harm to our business and our reputation disrupt our operations expose us to potential liability regulatory actions and the loss of business as well as impact our results of operations materially We believe such attempts are increasing in number and in technical sophistication In some instances we our customers and the users of our products and services might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects Due to the evolving nature of these cybersecurity threats we cannot predict the potential impact of any future incident
While we take measures to protect the security of and prevent unauthorized access to our information technology systems and personal and proprietary information the cybersecurity controls for our information technology systems or those of our vendors suppliers or customers as well as other cybersecurity practices we follow may not prevent unauthorized access to damage to disablement or encryption of use or misuse of disclosure of modification of destruction of or loss of our data or the data of others including personal information and proprietary information Any actual or perceived cybersecurity incident could harm our business and operating results and could result in among other things unfavorable publicity governmental inquiry and oversight difficulty in marketing our services allegations by our customers that we have not performed our contractual obligations litigation by affected parties including our customers and possible financial obligations for damages related to the theft or misuse of such information or inventory any of which could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations
Furthermore privacy data protection and cybersecurity are subject to frequently changing and complex laws and regulations which sometimes conflict among the various jurisdictions and countries in which we provide services We are subject to a variety of local state national and international laws and regulations that apply to the collection use retention protection disclosure transfer and other processing of personal information in the different jurisdictions in which we operate Privacy data protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations including the European Union s General Data Protection Regulation and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 CPRA collectively CCPA pose increasingly complex compliance challenges which may increase compliance costs and any failure to comply with privacy data protection or cybersecurity laws and regulations could result in significant penalties Compliance with U S and international privacy data protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business Any inability or perceived inability to adequately address privacy data protection or cybersecurity concerns even if unfounded or to successfully negotiate privacy data protection or cybersecurity contractual terms with customers or to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to privacy data protection or cybersecurity could result in additional cost and liability to us harm our reputation and brand and could negatively impact our business financial condition and results of operations Furthermore the PRC regulatory authorities have promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC and the PRC Data Security Law to ensure cybersecurity data and personal information protection The PRC Data Security Law is a comprehensive data security legislation in mainland China and aims to regulate a wide range of issues in relation to the collection storage processing use provision transaction and publication of any kind of data There is significant uncertainty in how PRC regulators will interpret and enforce these cybersecurity and data privacy laws but they contain provisions that allow substantial government oversight and include fines for failure to obtain required approval from or complete required filing procedures with China s cyber and data protection regulators for certain cross border personal data related data transfers
The laws outlined above are only a sample of the governmental laws regulations and other legal obligations related to privacy data protection and cybersecurity to which we may be subject Various aspects of these laws including their interpretation and enforcement remain unclear resulting in further uncertainty and potentially requiring us to modify our data practices and policies and to incur substantial additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply Because the interpretation and application of many such laws and regulations remain uncertain and continue to evolve it is possible that these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data management practices or the features of our products or solutions and we could face fines lawsuits regulatory investigations and other claims and penalties and we could be required to fundamentally change our products or our business practices all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business Any inability or perceived inability to adequately address privacy and data protection concerns or to comply with applicable laws regulations policies industry standards contractual obligations or other legal obligations even if unfounded could result in additional cost and liability to us damage our reputation
Certain of our software as well as that of our customers and vendors may be derived from so called open source software that is generally made available to the public by its authors and or other third parties Open source software is made available under licenses that impose certain obligations on us in the event we were to distribute derivative works of the open source software These obligations may require us to make source code for the derivative works available to the public and or license such derivative works under a particular type of license rather than the forms of license we customarily use to protect our intellectual property In the event that the copyright holder of any open source software were to successfully establish in court that we had not complied with the terms of a license for a particular work we could be required to release the source code of that work to the public and or stop distribution of that work if the license is terminated which could adversely impact our business and results of operations
While we take steps to monitor the use of all open source software in our products processes and technology and try to ensure that no open source software is used in such a way as to require us to disclose the source code to the related product processes or technology when we do not wish to do so such use could inadvertently occur Additionally if a third party software provider has incorporated certain types of open source software into software we license from such third party for our products processes or technology we could under certain circumstances be required to disclose the source code to our products processes or technology This could harm our intellectual property position and have a material adverse effect on our business results of operations and financial condition
Further although some open source vendors provide warranty and support agreements it is common for such software to be available as is with no warranty indemnity or support Although we monitor our use of such open source code to avoid subjecting our products to unintended conditions such use under certain circumstances could materially adversely affect our business financial condition and operating results and cash flow including if we are required to take remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U S law you may have less protection for your shareholder rights than you would under U S law
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association as amended from time to time the Cayman Islands Companies Act as amended and the common law of the Cayman Islands The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands Companies Act provides that a shareholder of a Cayman company shall be entitled to payment of the fair value of that person s shares upon dissenting from a merger or consolidation However such rights are not available in respect of the shares of any class for which an open market exists on a recognized stock exchange or recognized interdealer quotation system at the expiry date of the period allowed for written notice of an election to dissent where upon the merger or the consolidation the shareholder receives amongst other things either
b shares of any other company or depository receipts in respect thereof which shares or depository receipts at the effective date of the merger or consolidation are either listed on a national securities exchange or designated as a national market system security on a recognized interdealer quotation system or held of record by more than two thousand holders
As a result of all of the above public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States
The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as that from English common law which has persuasive but not binding authority on a court in the Cayman Islands The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly defined as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States In particular the Cayman Islands has a less prescriptive body of corporate laws than most jurisdictions in the United States In addition some U S states such as Delaware have more fulsome and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands
Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands you may find it difficult to enforce a judgment of U S courts for civil liabilities under U S federal securities laws against us in the Cayman Islands or against our PRC or Hong Kong subsidiaries
Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd is a holding company incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands We conduct substantially all of our operations through our indirect wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States and internationally As such it may be difficult for investors to enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against our directors or officers The courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely
ii in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands to impose liabilities against the Company predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any State so far as liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature
In those circumstances although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner and or be of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere
As a result of all of the above public shareholders may have more difficulty protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a U S company
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy such as to provide indemnification against willful default willful neglect breach of fiduciary duty unconscionable behavior or behavior which falls within the broad stable of conduct identifiable as equitable fraud on the part of the director or officer in question Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide for indemnification of our officers and directors to the maximum extent permitted by law including for any liability incurred in their capacities as such except through their own actual fraud willful neglect or willful default Our indemnification obligations may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors even though such an action if successful might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders Furthermore a shareholder s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions
The trading price and volume of our ordinary shares is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors many of which are beyond our control including but not limited to
failure of securities analysts or industry analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us publish negative research or reports changes in financial estimates or ratings by any securities analysts who follow us or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors
In addition the market for technology stocks and the stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies In the past shareholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility If we were to become involved in securities litigation it could subject us to substantial costs divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business financial condition and results of operations
The market price of our ordinary shares could decline as a result of substantial sales of our ordinary shares particularly sales by our directors executive officers and significant shareholders or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares As of April 27 2024 we had outstanding a total of 164 305 thousand ordinary shares All of these shares are freely tradable in the public market without restriction except for any shares held by one of our existing affiliates as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act As of April 27 2024 we also had outstanding a warrant to purchase up to 4 080 thousand of our ordinary shares and options and restricted stock units covering 16 560 thousand of our ordinary shares All of the ordinary shares that are issuable upon exercise of the outstanding options and restricted stock units have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act The warrants and ordinary shares will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent such warrants and options are vested and exercised or such restricted stock units are settled subject to compliance with applicable securities laws Moreover certain of our shareholders have rights subject to certain conditions to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or our shareholders
From time to time we may release guidance in our earnings releases earnings conference calls or otherwise regarding our future performance that represent our management s estimates as of the date of release If given this guidance which will include forward looking statements will be based on projections prepared by our management Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that while presented with numerical specificity are inherently subject to significant business economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies many of which are beyond our control The principal reason that we expect to release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors With or without our guidance analysts and investors may publish expectations regarding our business financial condition and results of operations We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such third parties Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions of the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results If our actual performance does not meet or exceed our guidance or investor expectations the trading price of our ordinary shares is likely to decline
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect our results of operations could fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors resulting in a decline in the market price of our ordinary shares
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States or GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances as described in the section entitled Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets liabilities equity revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition inventory valuation income taxes impairment of long lived assets share based compensation operating leases and fair value of ordinary shares If our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions our results of operations may be adversely affected and may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors resulting in a decline in the market price of our ordinary shares
As of April 27 2024 our executive officers directors and their affiliates in the aggregate beneficially owned approximately 17 of our outstanding ordinary shares As a result such persons acting together will have the ability to control or significantly influence all matters submitted to our board of directors or shareholders for approval including the appointment of our management the election and removal of directors and approval of any significant transaction as well as our management and business affairs This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying deferring or preventing a change in control impeding a merger consolidation takeover or other business combination involving us or discouraging a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our business even if such a transaction would benefit other shareholders
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association include provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of us modify our structure or cause us to engage in change of control transactions These provisions include among other things
our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by a vote of shareholders representing at least two thirds of the outstanding ordinary shares or by a unanimous written consent
the ability of our board of directors without action by our shareholders to issue 50 000 000 preferred shares and to issue additional ordinary shares that could have the effect of impeding the success of an attempt to acquire us or otherwise effect a change in control
These provisions could deter delay or prevent a third party from acquiring control of us in a tender offer or similar transactions even if such transaction would benefit our shareholders Even in the absence of a takeover attempt the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares if they are viewed as discouraging future takeover attempts
If a United States person is treated as owning directly indirectly or constructively at least 10 of the value or voting power of our outstanding equity such person may be treated as a United States shareholder with respect to each controlled foreign corporation or CFC in our group Because our group includes a U S subsidiary certain of our non U S subsidiaries will be treated as CFCs regardless of whether we are treated as a CFC A United States shareholder of a CFC may be required to report annually and include in its U S taxable income its pro rata share of such CFC s Subpart F income global intangible low taxed income and investments in U S property regardless of whether we make any distributions to the United States shareholder An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a CFC generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U S corporation Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder s U S federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting We are not required to assist investors in determining whether we are or any of our non U S subsidiaries is treated as a CFC or whether any investor is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to us or our non U S subsidiaries or furnish to any United States shareholders information that may be necessary to comply with the aforementioned reporting and tax paying obligations The United States Internal Revenue Service has provided limited guidance on situations in which investors may rely on publicly available information to comply with their reporting and tax paying obligations with respect to foreign controlled CFCs A United States investor should consult its advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to an investment in our ordinary shares
We may acquire businesses enter into licensing arrangements or make investments in other companies or technologies that disrupt our business are difficult to integrate impair our operating results dilute our shareholders ownership result in the incurrence of debt divert management resources or cause us to incur significant expense
We may pursue in the future acquisitions of businesses and assets as well as technology licensing arrangements that we believe will complement our products solutions or technologies We also may pursue strategic alliances that leverage our core technology and industry experience to expand our product offerings or distribution or make investments in other companies Any acquisition involves a number of risks many of which could harm our business including
the risk that the price we pay or other resources that we devote to the acquisition may exceed the value we realize or the value we could have realized if we had allocated the purchase price or other resources to another opportunity
Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets that are subject to potential impairments which could harm our financial results If we fail to properly evaluate acquisitions or investments it may impair our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions or investments and we may incur costs in excess of what we anticipate The failure to successfully evaluate and execute acquisitions or investments or otherwise adequately address these risks could materially harm our business financial condition and results of operations
To finance any acquisitions or investments we may choose to issue equity or equity linked securities as consideration which could dilute the ownership of our shareholders If the price of our ordinary shares is low or volatile we may not be able to acquire other companies for equity or equity linked consideration In addition newly issued securities may have rights preferences or privileges senior to those of existing shareholders If we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operating flexibility and would also require us to incur interest expense Additional funds for acquisitions also may not be available on terms that are favorable to us or at all
We depend on our executive officers and other key employees and the loss of one or more of these employees or an inability to attract or retain highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key employees including our engineering and sales and marketing personnel From time to time there may be changes in our executive management team or other key personnel which could disrupt our business We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or other key personnel that require them to continue to work for us for any specified period and therefore they could terminate their employment with us at any time and with little or no notice The loss of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees could have an adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations
In addition to execute our growth plan we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel Competition for these personnel in the San Francisco Bay Area where our headquarters is located and in other locations where we maintain offices is intense especially for engineers with applications or analog circuit technology design expertise We have from time to time experienced and we expect to continue to experience difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have If
we hire employees from competitors or other companies their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or we have breached legal obligations resulting in a diversion of our time and resources In addition job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment If the perceived value of our equity awards declines it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees Further changes in immigration policies may negatively impact our ability to attract and retain personnel including personnel with specialized technical expertise If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain or motivate our current personnel our business financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected
Our corporate headquarters our foundry vendor and some of our suppliers are located in areas that are in active earthquake zones or are subject to power outages natural disasters political social or economic unrest and other potentially catastrophic events any or all of which may increase as the result of climate change In the event of a major earthquake hurricane flooding or other catastrophic event such as fire power loss telecommunications failure cyber attack war terrorist attack political social or economic unrest or disease outbreak we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions reputational harm delays in our product development cybersecurity breach or loss or other unauthorized processing of data any of which could have an adverse effect on our business financial condition or results of operations
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property matters product liability claims employee claims tort or contract claims federal regulatory investigations securities class action and other legal proceedings or investigations which could have an adverse impact on our business financial condition and results of operations and divert the attention of our management from the operation of our business Litigation is inherently unpredictable and can result in excessive or unanticipated verdicts and or injunctive relief that affect how we operate our business We could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages or for agreements to change the way we operate our business or both There may be an increase in the scope of these matters or there may be additional lawsuits claims proceedings or investigations in the future which could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations Adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us could damage our reputation and brand image undermine our customers confidence and reduce long term demand for our products even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations
Market conditions and changing circumstances some of which may be beyond our control could impair our ability to access our existing cash cash equivalents and investments and to timely pay key vendors and others
Market conditions and changing circumstances some of which may be beyond our control could impair our ability to access our existing cash cash equivalents and investments and to timely pay key vendors and others For example on March 10 2023 Silicon Valley Bank SVB was placed into receivership with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC which resulted in all funds held at SVB being temporarily inaccessible by SVB s customers While we did not maintain any accounts with SVB if other banks and financial institutions with whom we have banking relationships enter receivership or become insolvent in the future we may be unable to access and we may lose some or all of our existing cash cash equivalents and investments to the extent those funds are not insured or otherwise protected by the FDIC In addition in such circumstances we might not be able to timely pay key vendors and others We regularly maintain cash balances that are not insured or are in excess of the FDIC s insurance limit Any delay in our ability to access our cash cash equivalents and investments or the loss of some or all of such funds or to timely pay key vendors and others could have a material adverse effect on our operations and cause us to need to seek additional capital sooner than planned
If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired
As a public company we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal accounting and financial compliance costs make some activities more difficult time consuming and costly and place significant strain on our personnel systems and resources The Sarbanes Oxley Act requires among other things that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting We have developed and continue to refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC is recorded processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers
In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting we have expended and will continue to expend significant resources including accounting related costs and significant management oversight Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business In addition changes in accounting principles or interpretations could also challenge our internal controls and require that we establish new business processes systems and controls to accommodate such changes If these new systems controls or standards and the associated process changes do not give rise to the benefits that we expect or do not operate as intended it could adversely affect our financial reporting systems and processes our ability to produce timely and accurate financial reports or the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting Moreover our business may be harmed if we experience problems with any new systems and controls that result in delays in their implementation or increased costs to correct any post implementation issues that may arise
Further weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our business or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in our periodic reports that are filed with the SEC Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares In addition if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements we may not be able to remain listed on the Nasdaq
Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act requires us to include in our annual reports on Form 10 K an assessment by management of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting In addition we are required to have our independent public accounting firm attest to and report on management s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting because we ceased to qualify as an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act JOBS Act as of April 29 2023 In the future if we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting or if our independent auditors are unable to provide us with an attestation and an unqualified report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements which could result in a decline in the trading price of our ordinary shares
We have established policies and processes for assessing identifying and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats These policies and processes are intended to protect the confidentiality integrity and availability of our critical information systems and our critical data including intellectual property and confidential information that is proprietary strategic or competitive in nature
We conduct periodic risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats These risk assessments include identifying reasonably foreseeable potential internal and external risks the likelihood of occurrence and any potential damage that could result from such risks and the sufficiency of existing policies procedures systems controls and other safeguards in place to manage such risks We also use third party service providers from time to time in connection with our risk assessment processes
As part of our overall risk management program we provide training to employees at all levels on cybersecurity awareness and the protection of confidential information In addition we have established a cybersecurity incident response process that includes procedures for detecting and responding to cybersecurity incidents The Company also participates in a cybersecurity risk insurance policy
For additional information regarding whether any risks from cybersecurity threats including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents are reasonably likely to materially affect our company including our business strategy results of operations or financial condition please refer to Item 1A Risk Factors in this annual report on Form 10 K including the risk factors entitled Cybersecurity breaches cyberattacks and other disruptions to information technology systems could disrupt our operations compromise the confidentiality of our data or our intellectual property and adversely affect our business reputation operations and financial results and Our business may be impacted by information technology system failures or network disruptions and lack of redundancy
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its overall risk oversight function and has delegated to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board the NCG Committee overall oversight of cybersecurity matters and other policies and internal controls regarding cybersecurity risks The Audit Committee of the Board the Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of disclosure controls with respect to potential cybersecurity incidents as well as the Company s compliance with SEC rules applicable to cybersecurity risk management
In fiscal 2024 the Audit Committee received reports on our cybersecurity risk management initiatives In addition our management team updates the Board with respect to the Company s overall cybersecurity risk posture and initiatives in order to improve our cybersecurity risk controls As necessary the Audit Committee will oversee management s responses to any significant cybersecurity incidents including any disclosures required by law The full Board also receives a briefing from management on our cyber risk management program at least annually
Our management team which includes our IT management team is responsible for day to day implementation management and evaluation of our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes The IT management team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program including monitoring the prevention detection mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents and works in partnership with our other business leaders including our Chief Legal Officer Vice President of Systems Engineering and internal audit function as needed Our IT management team supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and any retained external
Our cybersecurity incident response process is designed to escalate significant cybersecurity incidents to a team of business leaders including but not limited to our Vice President of Systems Engineering Chief Legal Officer and Chief Financial Officer In the case of a cybersecurity incident this team of business leaders will work with our incident response team to help determine the severity of the impact of a cybersecurity incident as well as to help mitigate and remediate cybersecurity incidents of which they are notified The incident response team will also work under the oversight of legal counsel and the Audit Committee to determine whether an incident is material for disclosure purposes under applicable law
We also lease smaller facilities in various domestic and international locations which are occupied by administrative and sales personnel We believe that our existing facilities are sufficient for our current needs We intend to add new facilities and expand our existing facilities as we continue to add employees and grow our business We believe that new spaces will be available at reasonable terms in the future in order to meet our needs
From time to time we are involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which we believe if determined adversely to us would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on us The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and regardless of the outcome litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs diversion of management resources and other factors
The information set forth under Note 7 Commitments and Contingencies in our notes to the consolidated financial statements set forth in Part II Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10 K is incorporated herein by reference For a discussion of certain risks associated with legal proceedings please see Part I Item 1A Risk Factors above
Since our initial public offering in January 2022 our ordinary shares have been traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CRDO Prior to that time there was no public market for our ordinary share
On June 17 2024 there were 73 shareholders of record holding our ordinary shares We cannot estimate the number of beneficial owners since many brokers and other institutions hold our ordinary shares on behalf of shareholders
This performance graph shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing
The graph below compares the cumulative total return on our ordinary shares with the cumulative total return of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index during the period from January 27 2022 to April 27 2024 The graph compares a 100 investment on January 27 2022 in our ordinary shares with a 100 investment on January 27 2022 in each index and assumes that any dividends were reinvested Shareholder returns over the indicated periods should not be considered indicative of future share prices or shareholder returns
shares and certain existing shareholders sold an aggregate of 1 060 thousand shares All of the shares sold were registered under the Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S 3 File No 333 275894 which became effective on December 5 2023 The Company received net proceeds of 173 4 million after deducting offering costs There has been no material change in the planned use of the proceeds from our follow on offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on December 5 2023
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10 K This discussion contains forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in those forward looking statements Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those identified below and those discussed in the section titled Risk Factors
A discussion regarding our financial condition and our results of operations for the fiscal year ended April 27 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended April 29 2023 is presented below A discussion regarding our results of operations for the fiscal year ended April 29 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended April 30 2022 can be found in Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the fiscal year ended April 29 2023 filed with the SEC on June 23 2023
Credo provides innovative secure high speed and power efficient connectivity solutions Our solutions target the data infrastructure market where bandwidth requirements are increasing exponentially driven by the accelerating deployment of leading edge Artificial Intelligence infrastructure and applications Our connectivity solutions are optimized for optical and electrical Ethernet applications including the 100G or Gigabits per second 200G 400G 800G and emerging 1 6T or Terabits per second markets Our products are based on our Serializer Deserializer SerDes and Digital Signal Processor DSP technologies Our product families include integrated circuits ICs Active Electrical Cables AECs and SerDes Chiplets Our intellectual property IP solutions consist primarily of SerDes IP licensing
Data generation has increased dramatically over the past ten years creating new and complicated challenges in both circuit and system design Our proprietary SerDes and DSP technologies enable us to achieve similar performance to leading competitors products but at a lower cost and more highly available legacy node n 1 advantage Beyond power and performance Credo continues to innovate to address customers system level requirements We partner with Microsoft on our HiWire Switch AEC and open source implementation that helps realize Microsoft s vision for a highly reliable network managed dual Top of Rack ToR architecture a network architecture design in which computing equipment located within the same or an adjacent rack are for redundancy connected to two in rack network switches which are in turn connected to aggregation switches via fiber optic cables overcome complex and slow legacy enterprise approaches simplify deployment and improve connection reliability in the data center
The multibillion dollar data infrastructure market that we serve is driven largely by hyperscale data centers hyperscalers as well as general compute AI ML infrastructure multi service operators MSOs and mobile network operators MNOs The demands for increased bandwidth improved power and cost efficiency and heightened security have simultaneously and dramatically expanded as work education and entertainment have rapidly digitized across myriad endpoint users
We design market and sell both product and IP solutions We help define industry conventions and standards within the markets we target by collaborating with technology leaders and standards bodies We contract with a variety of manufacturing partners to build our products based on our proprietary SerDes and DSP technologies We develop standard solutions we can sell broadly to our end markets and also develop tailored solutions designed to address specific customer needs Once developed these tailored solutions can generally be broadly leveraged across our portfolio and we are able to sell the part or license the IP to the broader market
During fiscal 2024 and 2023 we generated 193 0 million and 184 2 million in total revenue respectively Product sales and product engineering services revenue comprised 85 and 83 of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively and IP license and IP license engineering services revenue represented 15 and 17 of our total revenue in fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively Geographically 31 of our total revenue in both fiscal 2024 and 2023 was generated from customers in North America and 69 of our total revenue in both fiscal 2024 and 2023 was generated from customers in the rest of the world primarily in Asia During fiscal 2024 and 2023 we generated 28 4 million and 16 5 million of net loss respectively
We derive the substantial majority of our revenue from a limited number of customers We anticipate we will continue to derive a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers for the foreseeable future We expect that as our products are more widely adopted and as our number of customers increase customer concentration will decrease
We sell our products to hyperscalers original equipment manufacturers OEMs original design manufacturers ODMs and optical module manufacturers as well as to companies in the enterprise and HPC markets We work closely and have engagements with industry leading companies across these segments A relatively small number customers have historically accounted for and continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue We report revenue by customer in our financial statement disclosure based on the contracting parties who place purchase orders or sign revenue contracts with us See Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10 K However certain of our end customers have their contract manufacturing partners place orders with us As a result the contract manufacturers rather than the end customers are reported as our customers for financial reporting purposes As a supplement to our financial statement footnote disclosure and to provide further insight into our end customer concentration the following table summarizes our revenue by customer as a percentage of total revenue based on end customer profile rather than based on the contracting parties who place purchase orders or sign revenue contracts with us
We are a product focused business with a strong foundation in IP pioneering comprehensive connectivity solutions that deliver bandwidth scalability and end to end signal integrity for next generation platforms We also develop IP solutions to address the specific and complex needs of our customers We earn revenue from these IP solutions primarily through licensing fees and royalties In addition to product sales and IP license revenue we also generated revenue from providing engineering services as part of our product and license arrangements with certain customers Over time we expect to generate an increased proportion of our revenue from sales of our products We expect to see a long term benefit from improvements in our operating leverage as our business continues to gain scale
We utilize a fabless business model working with a network of third parties to manufacture assemble and test our connectivity products This approach allows us to focus our engineering and design resources on our core competencies and to control our fixed costs and capital expenditures
We employ a two pronged sales strategy targeting both the end users of our products as well as the suppliers of our end users By engaging directly with the end user we are able to better understand the needs of our customers and cater our solutions to their most pressing connectivity requirements
This strategy has enabled us to become the preferred vendor to a number of our customers who in turn in some cases require their suppliers OEMs ODMs and optical module manufacturers to utilize our solutions
Our revenues consist of sale of our products licensing of and providing engineering services related to our IP and providing product engineering services Product sales primarily consists of shipment of our ICs and AEC products IP license revenue includes fees from licensing of our SerDes IP and related engineering and support fees and royalties Product engineering consists of engineering fees associated with integration of our technology solutions into our customers products Our customers are primarily OEMs who design and manufacture end market devices for the communications and enterprise networks markets Our revenue is driven by various trends in these markets Our revenue is also impacted by changes in the number and average selling prices of our IC products
We recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods and services Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price SSP basis We determine the SSP based on an observable standalone selling price when it is available as well as other factors including the price charged to customers and our overall pricing objectives while maximizing observable inputs When SSPs are not directly observable we use the adjusted market assessment approach or residual approach if applicable We also consider the constraint on estimates of variable consideration when estimating the total transaction price Our policy is to record revenue net of any applicable sales use or excise taxes Changes in our contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing difference between our performance and the customer s payment We fulfill our obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products or services in exchange for consideration from the customer We recognize a contract asset when we transfer products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time Accounts receivable are recorded when the customer has been billed or the right to consideration is unconditional We recognize deferred revenue when we have received consideration or an amount of consideration is due from the customer and we have a future obligation to transfer products or services
notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date We offer standard performance warranties of twelve months after product delivery and offer limited product return rights to certain distributors We recognize product sales when we transfer control of promised goods in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods net of accruals for estimated sales returns and rebates
Some product revenue contracts include non recurring engineering services deliverables We recognize revenue from these agreements over time as services are provided or at a point in time upon completion and acceptance by the customer of contract deliverables depending on the terms of the arrangement Revenue is deferred for any amounts billed or received prior to delivery of services We believe the input method based on time spent by our engineers best depicts the efforts expended to transfer services to the customers
Our IP license revenue consists of perpetual licenses support and maintenance engineering services and royalties We enter into perpetual semiconductor IP license agreements that have a fixed fee whereby licensees pay a fixed fee for the right to incorporate our IP technologies into the licensee s products The IP license agreements do not typically grant the customer the right to terminate for convenience Where such rights exist termination is prospective with no refund of fees already paid by the customer
IP revenue recognition is dependent on the nature and terms of each agreement We recognize IP license revenue at the point of time of the delivery of the IP In connection with the license arrangements we offer support to assist customers in qualifying their final product Revenue from customer support is deferred and recognized ratably over the support period which is typically one year Some IP license revenue contracts also include non recurring engineering services deliverables which were not material for any of the periods presented We recognize revenue from these agreements similar to the method described under the caption Product Engineering Services Revenue above
In certain cases we also charge licensees royalties related to the distribution or sale of products that use our technologies Such royalties are reported to us on a quarterly basis We estimate the sales based royalties earned each quarter primarily based on our customers reporting of sales activity incurred in that quarter We recognize the estimated royalty revenue when it is probable that reversal of such amounts will not occur Any differences between actual royalties owed by a customer and the quarterly estimates are recognized when updated information becomes available
Cost of revenue includes cost of materials such as wafers processed by third party foundries cost associated with packaging and assembly testing and shipping cost of personnel including share based compensation depreciation of equipment associated with manufacturing support logistics and quality assurance warranty cost amortization of intellectual property purchased from third parties write down of inventories and amortization of production mask costs Costs of revenue includes cost of product sales revenue cost of product engineering services revenue and cost of IP license revenue
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities and includes salaries share based compensation employee benefits occupancy costs pre production engineering mask costs overhead costs and prototype wafer packaging and test costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred
Selling expenses consist of personnel costs including salaries benefits and share based compensation expense field application engineering support samples to customers shipping costs and travel and entertainment costs
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs including salaries benefits and share based compensation related to corporate finance legal and human resource functions contractor and professional services fees audit and compliance expenses insurance costs and general corporate expenses including allocated facilities expenses
Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year Under this method deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforward Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized
We recognize the tax effects of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date and only in an amount more likely than not to be sustained upon review by the tax authorities Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are classified in the consolidated financial statements as income tax expense
The increase in product engineering services revenue was primarily due to Credo entering into two new non recurring engineering contracts one of which was entered into in fiscal 2024 and which saw significant ramp up in the year resulting in revenue recognition of 15 5 million
The increase in product sales revenue was driven by growth in Chiplet and Optical products offset by a modest decline in AEC products As a result the product mix was more diverse in fiscal 2024 than in fiscal 2023
Cost of revenue decreased by 4 5 million primarily due to 4 6 million decrease in cost of product sales revenue The decrease was driven by improvement of our product sales gross margin from 46 9 in fiscal 2023 to 51 4 in fiscal 2024 as a result of increased product sales that drove the economies of scales
Gross margin increased by 4 2 percentage points in fiscal 2024 primarily driven by a an increase in our high margin product engineering services revenue as a percentage of overall revenue and b an increase of product sales gross margin as noted above
Research and development expenses for fiscal 2024 increased by 18 8 million compared to fiscal 2023 The increase was due primarily to a 7 0 million increase in personnel costs primarily as a result of new hires for product development an 8 0 million increase in share based compensation expense driven by increased amortization expense from new equity awards granted to employees a 2 2 million increase in depreciation expense driven by increased computer equipment and software and laboratory equipment utilized in research and development activities and a 1 5 million increase in information technology and facilities costs
Selling general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 increased by 11 9 million compared to the same period in fiscal 2023 The increase was due primarily to a 2 6 million increase in personnel costs as a result of higher selling general and administrative headcount a 7 0 million increase in share based compensation expense driven by increased amortization expense from new equity awards granted to employees a 1 1 million increase in legal expenses and a 0 6 million increase in software licenses
Provision for income taxes in fiscal 2024 increased by 7 0 million compared to the same period in fiscal 2023 The increase was primarily due to the establishment of a full valuation allowance to offset U S deferred tax assets in fiscal 2024
Our activities consist primarily of selling our products licensing our IP providing IP customization services and conducting research and development of our products and technology As of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 we had cash and cash equivalents of 66 9 million and 108 6 million respectively and working capital of 485 6 million and 297 2 million respectively Our principal use of cash is to fund our operations and invest in research and development to support our growth See also Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10 K for a further discussion of our cash requirements under non cancelable purchase obligations
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and other components of working capital will be sufficient to meet our needs for at least the next 12 months and in the longer term Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate the timing and extent of our sales and marketing and research and development expenditures customer demand and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions In the event that we need to borrow funds or issue additional equity we cannot be assured that any such additional financing will be available on terms acceptable to us if at all If we are unable to raise additional capital when we need it our business results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected
Net cash provided by operating activities was 32 7 million for fiscal 2024 The cash inflows from operating activities for fiscal 2024 were primarily due to a net loss of 28 4 million adjusted for the following non cash items share based compensation expense of 39 0 million depreciation and amortization of 13 8 million and other non cash items of 9 0 million This was offset by 0 7 million of cash outflows for working capital purposes The cash outflows from working capital for fiscal 2024 were primarily driven by a an increase in accounts receivable of 10 1 million primarily due to increased sales in the fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 and timing of collection b and an increase in contract assets of 12 1 million primarily driven by certain IP licensing and engineering services arrangements where certain billing milestones had not yet been reached but the criteria for revenue had been met This was offset by a decrease in inventory of 15 8 million primarily driven by tightened production management and increased product sales compared to fiscal 2023
Net cash used in operating activities was 24 6 million for fiscal 2023 The cash outflows from operating activities for fiscal 2023 were primarily due to 16 5 million of net loss and 50 4 million of cash outflows for working capital purposes partially offset by 42 4 million of non cash items The cash outflows from working capital for fiscal 2023 were primarily driven by a an increase in accounts receivable of 20 0 million primarily due to increased sales in the fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 and timing of collection b an increase in inventory of 24 4 million to better support unfulfilled backlog and related new product ramps c and an increase in contract assets of 1 6 million primarily driven by certain IP licensing and engineering services arrangements where certain billing milestones had not yet been reached but the criteria for revenue had been met This was offset by increases in accounts payable of 3 8 million and accrued expenses compensation and other liabilities of 0 5 million due to amounts payable relating to increased purchases of inventory to support growing demand for our products
Net cash used in investing activities of 249 5 million in fiscal 2024 was attributable to purchases of property and equipment of 15 7 million and investments in certificates of deposit of 169 8 million partially offset by maturities of investment in certificates of deposit of 403 6 million Purchases of property and equipment primarily relate to mask sets purchases for new products introduced or in process of being introduced and computer equipment and software used for research and development purposes
Net cash used in investing activities of 130 9 million in fiscal 2023 was attributable to purchases of property and equipment of 21 7 million and investment in certificates of deposit of 159 2 million partially offset by maturities of investment in certificates of deposits of 50 0 million Purchases of property and equipment primarily relate to mask sets purchases for new products introduced or in process of being introduced and computer equipment and software used for research and development purposes
Net cash provided by financing activities of 175 3 million for fiscal 2024 was primarily attributable to 173 4 million proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares in connection our follow on public offering net of offering costs 7 1 million in proceeds from exercises of employee share options and the issuance of
Net cash provided by financing activities of 4 9 million in fiscal 2023 was primarily attributable to 5 5 million in proceeds from exercises of employee share options and the issuance of shares under our employee share purchase plan
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with GAAP The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires certain estimates assumptions and judgments to be made that may affect our consolidated financial statements Accounting policies that have a significant impact on our results are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing The accounting policies discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical We consider an accounting policy to be critical if the policy is subject to a material level of judgment and if changes in those judgments are reasonably likely to materially impact our results
We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience knowledge of current conditions and our beliefs of what could occur in the future given the available information Estimates are used for but not limited to write down for excess and obsolete inventories the SSP for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations variable consideration from revenue contracts determination of the fair value of share awards and customer warrant valuation of ordinary shares and the realization of tax assets and estimates of tax reserves Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements
We continue to monitor and assess our critical estimates in light of developments and as events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available our estimates may change materially in future periods
We recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods and services Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price SSP basis We determine the SSP based on an observable standalone selling price when it is available as well as other factors including the price charged to customers and our overall pricing objectives while maximizing observable inputs The determination of the SSP for certain of our IP requires an estimate of the fair value under the income approach involving the estimation of future cash flow expected to be generated from the IP Our policy is to record revenue net of any applicable sales use or excise taxes
We transact with customers primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products and generally allow customers to cancel or change purchase orders within limited notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date We offer standard performance warranties of twelve months after product delivery and offer limited product return rights to certain distributors other than returns due to warranty issues We recognize product sales when we transfer control of promised goods in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods net of accruals for estimated sales returns and rebates
We account for the warrant issued to Amazon com NV Investment Holdings LLC as an equity instrument based on the specific terms of the warrant agreement We analyze the probability of vesting of each tranche of the warrant based on the demand forecast from the customer When we determine that it is probable that a tranche of the warrant will vest and we recognize the related revenue the grant date
fair value of the associated tranche will be recognized in shareholders equity and the underlying expense will be amortized as a reduction of revenue in proportion to the amount of related revenue recognized
We value our inventory which includes raw materials assembly and test and other manufacturing costs at the lower of cost and net realizable value Cost is computed using standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first in first out basis Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of our products in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion disposal and transportation We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and non cancellable purchase commitments and record write downs for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on the shipment history and our estimated forecast of product demand These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions technology changes new product introductions and changes in strategic direction If the future demand for our products is less favorable than our forecasts the value of the inventories may be required to be reduced which could result in additional expense to us and affect our results of operations We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions that we use to calculate our inventory reserve However if estimates regarding customer demand are inaccurate or changes in technology affect demand for certain products in an unforeseen manner we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material
The majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in U S dollars Since we operate in many countries a portion of our international operational expenses is denominated in foreign currencies and exchange volatility could positively or negatively impact those operating expenses Increases in the value of the U S dollar relative to other currencies could make our products more expensive which could negatively impact our ability to compete Conversely decreases in the value of the U S dollar relative to other currencies could result in our suppliers raising their prices to continue doing business with us Additionally we may hold certain assets and liabilities including potential tax liabilities in local currency on our consolidated balance sheets These tax liabilities would be settled in local currency Foreign exchange gains and losses from remeasuring the tax liabilities are recorded to interest and other income net We do not believe that foreign exchange volatility has had a material impact on our current business or results of operations However fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a greater effect on our business or results of operations in the future to the extent our expenses increasingly become denominated in foreign currencies
Although we have not entered into foreign currency derivatives to hedge our foreign currency exposure to date in the future we may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with financial institutions to protect against foreign exchange risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities certain firmly committed transactions forecasted future cash flows and net investments in foreign subsidiaries However we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures for a variety of reasons including but not limited to accounting considerations and the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures
To provide an assessment of the foreign currency exchange risk associated with our foreign currency exposures within operating expense we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact that a hypothetical adverse change in exchange rates would have had on our financial statements with all other variables held constant If the U S dollar weakened by 10 our operating expense in fiscal 2024 would have increased by approximately 2
We maintain an investment policy that requires minimum credit ratings and diversification of credit risk We invest our excess cash primarily in money market mutual funds and time deposits These investments are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets at fair market value with their related unrealized gain or loss reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income loss Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning securities carry a degree of interest rate risk The fair market value of fixed rate securities may be adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates while floating rate securities may produce less income than predicted if interest rates fall
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd the Company as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 the related consolidated statements of operations comprehensive loss convertible preferred shares and shareholders equity deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 27 2024 and the related notes collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements In our opinion the consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company at April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 27 2024 in conformity with U S generally accepted accounting principles
We also have audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board United States PCAOB the Company s internal control over financial reporting as of April 27 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 framework and our report dated June 24 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company s management Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company s financial statements based on our audits We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board United States PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U S federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement whether due to error or fraud Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud and performing procedures that respond to those risks Such procedures included examining on a test basis evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that 1 relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and 2 involved our especially challenging subjective or complex judgments The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole and we are not by communicating the critical audit matter below providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates
The Company s inventories totaled 25 9 million as of April 27 2024 representing 4 3 of total assets As explained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements the Company values inventories at the lower of standard cost which approximates actual cost determined on a first in first out basis and net realizable value in each reporting period Excess and obsolete inventory is written down to its estimated net realizable value if less than cost
Auditing management s estimates for excess and obsolete inventory involved subjective auditor judgment because management s assessment of whether a write down is required and the measurement of any excess of cost over net realizable value is judgmental and considers a number of qualitative factors that are affected by market and economic conditions outside the Company s control In particular the excess and obsolete inventory calculations are sensitive to significant assumptions including demand for the Company s products which considers adjustments to sales forecasts for specific product considerations including but not limited to new product launches and expected industry sales growth
We obtained an understanding evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over the Company s excess and obsolete inventory write down process This included controls over management s assessment of inventory valuation including the determination of forecasted usage of inventories
Our audit procedures included among others evaluating the significant assumptions stated above and testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in management s excess and obsolete inventory valuation assessment We evaluated inventory levels compared to forecasted product demand historical sales and specific product considerations We also assessed the historical accuracy of management s estimates and performed sensitivity analyses over the significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the excess and obsolete inventory estimates that would result from changes in the underlying assumptions
We have audited Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd s internal control over financial reporting as of April 27 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 framework the COSO criteria In our opinion Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd the Company maintained in all material respects effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 27 2024 based on the COSO criteria
We also have audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board United States PCAOB the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 the related consolidated statements of operations comprehensive loss convertible preferred shares and shareholders equity deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 27 2024 and the related notes and our report dated June 24 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon
The Company s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U S federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting assessing the risk that a material weakness exists testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion
A company s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles A company s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that 1 pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company 2 provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company and 3 provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition use or disposition of the company s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements
Because of its inherent limitations internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements Also projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk
Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd was formed as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands in September 2014 Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd directly owns Credo Technology Group Ltd which owns directly and indirectly all of the shares of its subsidiaries in mainland China Hong Kong and the United States U S References to the Company in these notes refer to Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis unless otherwise specified
The Company is an innovator in providing secure high speed connectivity solutions that deliver improved power and cost efficiency The Company s connectivity solutions are optimized for optical and electrical Ethernet applications including the 100G 200G 400G 800G and emerging 1 6T markets The Company s products are based on its Serializer Deserializer SerDes and Digital Signal Processor DSP technologies The Company s product families include integrated circuits ICs Active Electrical Cables AECs and SerDes Chiplets The Company s intellectual property IP solutions consist primarily of SerDes IP licensing
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States GAAP The consolidated financial statements include the results of Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd and its wholly owned subsidiaries All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation
Effective May 1 2022 the Company changed its fiscal year to a 52 or 53 week period ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 The additional week in a 53 week year is added to the first quarter making such quarter consist of 14 weeks Accordingly every fifth or sixth fiscal year will have a 53 week period Our fiscal year ended April 27 2024 fiscal year 2024 is a 52 week fiscal year Fiscal year 2025 ending May 3 2025 is a 53 week fiscal year
Certain prior period balances were reclassified to conform to the current period s presentation None of these reclassifications had an impact on reported net loss or cash flows for any of the periods presented
On January 31 2022 the Company completed an initial public offering the IPO of 20 000 thousand of its ordinary shares par value 0 00005 per share the Shares at a public offering price of 10 00 per share The Company sold 18 384 thousand Shares and certain existing shareholders sold an aggregate of 1 616 thousand Shares The Company received net proceeds of 171 9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions
Immediately prior to the Closing all of the Company s outstanding Series A convertible preferred shares Series B convertible preferred shares Series C convertible preferred shares Series D convertible preferred shares and Series D convertible preferred shares collectively the Preferred Shares automatically converted into ordinary shares on a one for one basis and such Preferred Shares were cancelled retired and eliminated from the shares that the Company is authorized to issue and shall not be reissued by the Company
In connection with the IPO the underwriters were granted a 30 day option to purchase from the Company up to an additional 3 000 thousand of the Company s ordinary shares at the public offering price less underwriting discounts and commissions On February 7 2022 the underwriters exercised the option to purchase additional shares in full which purchase closed on February 10 2022 The Company received net proceeds of 28 1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions The
On December 8 2023 the Company completed a public offering of 11 500 thousand of its ordinary shares par value of 0 00005 per share at 17 50 per share The Company sold 10 440 thousand shares and certain existing shareholders sold an aggregate of 1 060 thousand shares The Company received net proceeds of 173 4 million after deducting offering costs
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes
The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future given the available information Estimates are used for but not limited to write down for excess and obsolete inventories the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations variable consideration from revenue contracts determination of the fair value of share based awards and customer warrant the realizability of tax assets and estimates of tax reserves impairment of long lived assets and incremental borrowing rate used in the Company s operating lease calculations Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements
As new events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available any changes to these estimates and assumptions will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known
All of the Company s subsidiaries use U S dollars as their functional currency except for its entities located in Taiwan and mainland China The functional currencies of these entities are their respective local currency Foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into the functional currencies at the end of period exchange rates except for non monetary assets and liabilities which are remeasured at historical exchange rates Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the exchange rates in effect during the period the transactions occurred except for those expenses related to balance sheet amounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations as part of other income expense net Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of shareholders equity deficit
Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with insignificant interest rate risk and maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash balances in the Company s bank checking and savings accounts and government and institutional money market funds
Investments not considered cash equivalents and with maturities of one year or less from the consolidated balance sheet date are classified as short term investments Short term investments consist of certificates of deposit with original maturity dates between three and twelve months
The classification of our short term investments is determined at the time of purchase and such determination is reevaluated at each balance sheet date Our short term investments include certificates of deposit which are classified as held to maturity These investments are recorded at amortized cost basis If the cost of an individual investment exceeds its fair value we evaluate among other factors
general market conditions the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost and our intent and ability to hold the investment Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other than temporary an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis in the investment is established
The Company assesses the collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a customer by customer basis To manage credit risk management performs ongoing credit evaluations of the customers financial condition monitors payment performance and assesses current economic conditions as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions that may affect collectability of the outstanding receivables
The Company values its inventory which includes raw materials assembly and test and other manufacturing costs at the lower of cost and net realizable value Cost is computed using standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first in first out basis Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of the Company s products in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion disposal and transportation The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records write downs for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on the shipment history and its estimated forecast of product demand These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions technology changes new product introductions and changes in strategic direction If the future demand for the Company s services and products is less favorable than the Company s forecasts the value of the inventories may be required to be reduced which could result in additional expense to the Company and affect its results of operations Once inventory is written down its new value is maintained until it is sold scrapped or written down for further valuation losses
Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization Additions improvements and major renewals are capitalized and maintenance repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred Assets are held in construction in progress until placed in service upon which date the Company begins to depreciate these assets When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of income in the period realized Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets Useful lives by asset category are as follows
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception Operating lease right of use ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term Operating lease ROU assets also include any initial direct
costs and prepayments less lease incentives Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options As the Company s leases do not provide an implicit rate the Company uses its collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date including lease term in determining the present value of lease payments Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term
The Company assesses the impairment of long lived assets which consist primarily of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired and the carrying value may not be recoverable Events or changes in circumstances that may indicate that an asset is impaired include significant decreases in the market value of an asset significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations a change in the extent or manner in which an asset is utilized significant declines in the estimated fair value of the overall Company for a sustained period shifts in technology loss of key management or personnel changes in the Company s operating model or strategy and competitive forces
If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and the expected undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the carrying amount of the asset an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset s carrying value over its fair value is recorded Fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated expected future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risk involved quoted market prices or appraised values depending on the nature of the asset
The Company s revenues consist of sale of its products licensing of its IP and providing product and IP license engineering services Product sales consists of shipment of its ICs and AEC products IP license revenue includes fees from licensing of the Company s SerDes IP and related support and royalties Product and IP license engineering services revenue consists of engineering fees associated with integration of the Company s technology solutions into its customers products and IP respectively The Company s customers are primarily original equipment manufacturers who design and manufacture end market devices for the communications and enterprise networks markets The Company s revenue is driven by various trends in these markets The Company s revenue is also impacted by changes in the number and average selling prices of its IC products
The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services Where an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations the transaction price is allocated to these on a relative standalone selling price SSP basis The Company determines the SSP based on an observable standalone selling price when it is available as well as other factors including the price charged to customers and the Company s overall pricing objectives while maximizing observable inputs When SSPs are not directly observable the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach or residual approach if applicable The determination of the SSP for certain of the Company s IP requires an estimate of the fair value under the income approach involving the estimation of future cash flow expected to be generated from the IP The Company also considers the constraint on estimates of variable consideration when estimating the total transaction price The Company s policy is to record revenue net of any applicable sales use or excise taxes Changes in the Company s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing difference between the Company s performance and the customer s payment The Company fulfills its obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products or services in exchange for consideration from the customer The Company recognizes a contract asset when it transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time Accounts receivable are recorded when the customer has been billed or the right to consideration is unconditional The Company recognizes deferred
The Company transacts with customers primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of products and generally allows customers to cancel or change purchase orders within limited notice periods prior to the scheduled shipment date The Company offers standard performance warranties of twelve months after product delivery and offers limited product return rights to certain distributors The Company recognizes product sales when it transfers control of promised goods in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods net of accruals for estimated sales returns and rebates As of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 the sales returns and rebate reserves were not material
Some product revenue contracts include non recurring engineering services deliverables The Company recognizes revenue from these agreements over time as services are provided or at point in time upon completion and acceptance by the customer of contract deliverables depending on the terms of the arrangement Revenue is deferred for any amounts billed or received prior to delivery of services The Company believes the input method based on time spent by its engineers best depicts the efforts expended to transfer services to the customers
The Company s IP license revenue consists of perpetual licenses support and maintenance engineering services and royalties The Company enters into perpetual semiconductor IP license agreements that have a fixed fee whereby licensees pay a fixed fee for the right to incorporate the Company s IP technologies into the licensee s products The IP license agreements do not typically grant the customer the right to terminate for convenience Where such rights exist termination is prospective with no refund of fees already paid by the customer
IP revenue recognition is dependent on the nature and terms of each agreement The Company recognizes license revenue at the point of time of the delivery of the IP In connection with the license arrangements the Company offers support to assist customers in qualifying their final product Revenue from customer support is deferred and recognized ratably over the support period which is typically one year Some IP license revenue contracts also include non recurring engineering services deliverables which were not material for any of the periods presented The Company recognizes revenue from these agreements similar to the method described under the caption Product Engineering Services Revenue above
In certain cases the Company also charges licensees royalties related to the distribution or sale of products that use its technologies Such royalties are reported to us on a quarterly basis The Company estimates the sales based royalties earned each quarter primarily based on its customers reporting of sales activity incurred in that quarter The Company recognizes the estimated royalty revenue when it is probable that reversal of such amounts will not occur Any differences between actual royalties owed by a customer and the quarterly estimates are recognized when updated information becomes available
The Company accounts for the warrant issued to Amazon com NV Investment Holdings LLC as an equity instrument based on the specific terms of the warrant agreement When management determines that it is probable that a tranche of the warrant will vest and we recognize the related revenue the grant date fair value of the associated tranche will be recognized in shareholders equity deficit and the underlying expense will be amortized as a reduction of revenue in proportion to the amount of related revenue recognized
Cost of revenue includes cost of materials including wafers processed by third party foundries cost associated with packaging and assembly testing and shipping cost of personnel including share based compensation depreciation of equipment associated with manufacturing support logistics and quality
assurance warranty cost amortization of intellectual property purchased from third parties write down of inventories and amortization and impairment of production equipment no longer in use Cost of revenue includes cost of product sales revenue cost of product engineering services revenue and cost of IP license revenue
Shipping and handling costs incurred for delivery to customers are expensed as incurred and are included in selling general and administrative expenses in the Company s Consolidated Statements of Operations
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities and includes salaries share based compensation employee benefits occupancy costs pre production engineering mask costs overhead costs and prototype wafer packaging and test costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred
The Company records compensation expense in connection with share based awards granted to employees and non employees in accordance with guidance related to share based payments This guidance requires that all share based compensation be recognized as an expense in the consolidated financial statements and that such cost be measured at the fair value of the award The Company amortizes share based compensation expense under the straight line attribution method over the vesting period of the share based award The Company has elected to use the Black Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of ordinary share options on the dates of grant Calculating the fair value of share options using the Black Scholes model requires inputs and assumptions including the fair value of the Company s ordinary shares the expected term of share options and share price volatility The Company estimates the expected life of options granted based on the simplified method The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary shares on the date of grant based on the Company s historical stock price volatility The Company has not paid and has no current plans to pay dividends The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur
The fair value of each restricted share unit is estimated based on the market price of the Company s ordinary share on the date of grant The fair value of each share issued under the Company s employee share purchase plan is estimated based on the Black Scholes option pricing model
Prior to the IPO the absence of an active market for the Company s ordinary shares required its board of directors the members of which the Company believed had extensive business finance and venture capital experience to determine the fair value of its ordinary shares for purposes of granting options and for calculating share based compensation expense for the periods presented The Company obtained contemporaneous third party valuations to assist the board of directors in determining fair value These contemporaneous third party valuations used the methodologies approaches and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation All options granted were intended to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the fair value of the shares underlying those options on their respective dates of grant
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions Significant judgment is required in determining the Company s provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws
The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year Under this method deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforward Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized
The Company recognizes the tax effects of an uncertain tax position only if such position is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits as of the reporting date and only in an amount more likely than not to be sustained upon review by the tax authorities Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are classified in the consolidated financial statements as income tax expense
Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary and potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method Under the treasury stock method the effect of equity awards outstanding is not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for periods when their effect is anti dilutive
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker CODM in deciding resource allocation and assessing performance The Company s Chief Executive Officer is its CODM The Company s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions allocating resources and evaluating financial performance Consequently the Company has determined it operates and manages its business in one operating and one reportable segment See Note 14 Segment and Geographic Information for the Company s revenue by country and location of long lived assets
which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15 2024 and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements The Company is evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures
which requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid prescribes standard categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation and modifies other income tax related disclosures This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after May 4 2025 and may be
Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents short term investments and accounts receivable Cash is placed in major financial institutions around the world The Company s cash deposits exceed insured limits Short term investments are subject to counterparty risk up to the amount presented on the balance sheet
Historically a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of the Company s revenue The particular customers which account for revenue concentration have varied from period to period as a result of the addition of new contracts completion of existing contracts and the volumes and prices at which the customers have recently bought the Company s products These variations are expected to continue in the foreseeable future
The Company believes that the concentration of credit risk in its trade receivables is substantially mitigated by the high level of credit worthiness of its customers and the relatively short collection terms The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial conditions and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary based upon payment history and the customer s current credit worthiness but generally require no collateral
The Company currently outsources all of its integrated circuit manufacturing to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited with the remaining assembly and testing processes outsourced to other subcontractors primarily in Asia Any disruption of or interference with the Company s access to the goods or services from these subcontractors would impact the Company s operations
The contract assets are primarily related to the Company s fixed fee IP licensing arrangements and rights to consideration for performance obligations delivered but not billed as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023
During the year ended April 27 2024 the Company recognized 4 1 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of April 29 2023 During the year ended April 29 2023 the Company recognized 1 2 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of April 30 2022 During the year ended April 30 2022 the Company recognized 4 0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of April 30 2021
During the year ended April 27 2024 the increase in contract assets of 12 9 million was primarily driven by IP licensing and engineering services arrangements where certain billing milestones were reached during fiscal 2024 while the criteria for recognition of revenue had previously been met
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods The contracted but unsatisfied performance obligation was approximately 11 6 million and the satisfied but unrecognized performance obligations was approximately 1 5 million as of April 27 2024 which the Company expects to recognize over the next fiscal year The Company applied a performance constraint on the satisfied but unrecognized performance obligation due to uncertainty around the collectability of milestone payments
The Company had previously applied performance constraints on certain milestones relating to an IP licensing and development contract for a total cash consideration of 43 5 million executed in fiscal 2022 As of April 27 2024 the Company released the constraint on the last milestone resulting in recognition of 10 0 million of revenue in the year ended April 27 2024
During fiscal year 2022 the Company issued a warrant to Amazon com NV Investment Holdings LLC Holder to purchase an aggregate of up to 4 080 thousand of our ordinary shares at an exercise price of 10 74 per share the Customer Warrant The exercise period of the Warrant is through the seventh anniversary of the issue date Upon issuance of the Warrant 40 thousand of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant vested immediately and the remainder of the shares issuable will vest in tranches over the contract term based on the amount of global payments by Holder and its affiliates to us up to 201 0 million in aggregate payments A total of 1 080 thousand and 80 thousand Warrant shares were vested as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 respectively
The grant date fair value of the Warrant share was determined at 4 65 per share using the Black Scholes option pricing model The grant date fair value of the Warrant share was estimated using the following assumptions
During the fiscal years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 the Company recognized 3 9 million 1 2 million and 0 6 million respectively as contra revenue within the product sales revenue on the consolidated statements of operations
Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants As such fair value is a market based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability As a basis for considering such assumptions the accounting guidance establishes a three tier value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value
The Company measures the fair value of money market funds using Level 1 inputs The Company s certificates of deposit are classified as held to maturity securities as the Company intends to hold until their maturity dates The certificates of deposit are valued using Level 2 inputs
The carrying amount of the Company s financial instruments including cash equivalents short term investments accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values because of their short maturities As of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 there were no unrealized loss or gains associated with the Company s financial instruments The interest income recognized during the years ended April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 was 15 3 million and 4 7 million respectively
Depreciation and amortization expense excluding the assets impairment charges for the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 was 13 8 million 9 5 million and 4 8 million respectively Construction in progress and production equipment primarily includes mask set costs capitalized relating to the Company s products
During the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 the Company recorded impairment charges of 0 8 million 2 4 million and 4 9 million respectively Generally the impairment charges were related to impairment of property and equipment or third party IP licenses for future products that did not reach production qualification
Under the Company s manufacturing relationships with its foundry partners cancellation of outstanding purchase orders is allowed but requires payment of all costs and expenses incurred through the date of cancellation
As of April 27 2024 the total value of non cancelable inventory purchase orders payable within the next one year that were committed with the Company s third party subcontractors was approximately 39 6 million Such purchase commitments are included in the preceding table Additionally the Company has committed purchases of production mask sets amounting to 27 0 million relating to future products yet to be released which will be capitalized into product equipment when they are received
The Company has a manufacturing supply capacity reservation agreement with an assembly subcontractor as of April 27 2024 Under this arrangement the Company has paid refundable deposits to the supplier in exchange for reserved manufacturing production capacity over the remaining term of the agreement which approximates five years In addition the Company committed to certain purchase levels that were in line with the capacity reserved If the Company does not meet the purchase level commitment the agreement requires the Company to pay a fee equal to the difference between the actual purchase and the purchase commitment up to the value of refundable deposits made The Company currently estimates that it has made purchase level commitments of at least 34 5 million for the fiscal year 2025 through fiscal year 2029 under the capacity reservation agreement Such purchase commitments are included in the preceding table In addition the Company had refundable deposits of 8 6 million as of April 27 2024 of which 0 4 million was recorded in prepaid expenses and other
The Company has contractual commitments to various customers which could require the Company to incur costs to repair an epidemic defect with respect to its products outside of the normal warranty period if such defect were to occur The Company s products carry a standard one year warranty The Company s warranty expense has not been material in the periods presented
In the ordinary course of business the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers vendors lessors investors directors officers employees and other parties with respect to certain matters including but not limited to losses arising out of the Company s breach of such agreements services to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions may not be subject to maximum loss clauses The Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications Accordingly the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023
From time to time the Company may be a party to various litigation claims in the normal course of business Legal fees and other costs associated with such actions are expensed as incurred The Company assesses in conjunction with legal counsel the need to record a liability for litigation and contingencies Accrual estimates are recorded when and if it is determined that such a liability for litigation and contingencies are both probable and reasonably estimable As of the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements the Company was not subject to any litigation No accruals for loss contingencies or recognition of actual losses have been recorded in any of the periods presented
The Company had previously issued Series A convertible preferred shares Series B convertible preferred shares Series C convertible preferred shares Series D convertible preferred shares and Series D convertible preferred shares collectively the Preferred Shares
Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO all of the then outstanding 52 060 thousand shares of the Company s convertible Preferred Shares were automatically converted into an aggregate 52 060 thousand shares of ordinary share on a one for one basis and such Preferred Shares were cancelled retired and eliminated from the shares that the Company is authorized to issue and shall not be reissued by the Company
Each preferred share was convertible at the option of the holder at any time and without the payment of any additional consideration into such number of fully paid ordinary share as was determined by dividing the applicable original issue price for each such series of preferred shares by the applicable conversion price in effect at the time of the conversion The conversion price per share for each series of preferred share shall initially be equal to the original issue price of such series which means 1 00 per share for Series A 2 10 per share for Series B 4 29 per share for Series C 4 99 per share for Series D and 5 81 per share for Series D The conversion price shall be subject to adjustment in order to adjust the number of ordinary shares into which the preferred shares are convertible
Each share of Series A B C D and D convertible preferred share automatically converted into the number of ordinary shares at the conversion rate at the time in effect upon the closing of a public offering of ordinary shares which results in at least 25 0 million of proceeds to the Company at a per share price not less than 9 99 or with the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding preferred shares voting as a separate class to convert their preferred shares at the then effective Conversion Price
The holders of preferred shares were entitled to receive noncumulative dividends when and if declared by the Company s board of directors The holders of preferred shares were entitled to receive dividends prior and in preference to any payment of any dividend on ordinary shares in an amount equal to 8 of the original issue price per share of such preferred share After payment of such dividends any additional dividends shall be distributed among all holders of ordinary shares and preferred shares in proportion to the number of ordinary shares that would be held by each such holder if all preferred shares were converted to ordinary shares at the then effective conversion rate no dividends had been declared by the board of directors from inception through the date of conversion into ordinary shares
In the event of any sale lease conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the exclusive license of all or substantially all of the Company s intellectual property used in generating all or substantially all of the Company s revenues reorganization consolidation acquisition merger liquidation dissolution or winding up of the Company either voluntary or involuntary the holders of preferred shares shall be entitled to receive in preference to the holders of ordinary shares an amount per share equal to the liquidation preference plus any declared but unpaid dividends After payment of the liquidation preference to holders of preferred shares the remaining assets of the Company were available for distribution on a pro rata basis to the holders of ordinary shares
The holders of the convertible preferred shares were entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of ordinary shares into which such convertible preferred shares could be converted on the record date
In connection with the consummation of the IPO the Company filed the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association with Cayman Islands which authorized 1 000 000 thousand ordinary shares par value 0 00005 per share and 50 000 thousand convertible preferred shares
Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote per share The holders of ordinary shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Company s board of directors subject to the prior rights of holders of all other classes of shares outstanding
The Company has issued ordinary shares to certain employees that are subject to vesting periods pursuant to the respective share purchase agreements Restricted Share Award or RSA In addition the Company allows early exercise for unvested ordinary share options under its 2015 Stock Plan as defined in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements In regard to the ordinary shares purchased but not vested the Company has the right to repurchase shares at the original issue price in the event of termination of services As of April 27 2024 17 thousand shares from share option early exercises remained subject to the Company s repurchase rights As of April 29 2023 99 thousand shares from share option early exercises remained subject to the Company s repurchase rights These shares are excluded from ordinary shares outstanding
The Company adopted the 2015 Stock Plan the 2015 Plan in February 2015 The 2015 Plan was an equity incentive program under which employees of the Company or its subsidiary corporations including officers non employee members of the Company s board of directors and consultants to the Company or its subsidiary corporations were offered an opportunity to acquire the Company s ordinary shares The 2015 Plan provided both for the direct award or sale of ordinary shares RSAs and for the grant of options to purchase ordinary shares Options granted under the 2015 Plan were Incentive Stock Options ISOs intended to qualify under Title 26 U S Code Section 422 or Non qualified Stock Options NSOs which were not intended to so qualify Only employees outside directors and consultants of either the Company or a subsidiary of the Company were eligible for the grant of NSO or the direct award or sale of ordinary shares Only employees of either the Company or of a subsidiary of the Company were eligible for the grant of ISOs
As of January 27 2022 the 2015 Plan has ceased to be available for grants of new awards Prior to the aforementioned cessation of the 2015 Plan for new grants and as of April 30 2022 26 000 thousand ordinary shares were authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan Options under the 2015 Plan may be granted for periods of up to ten years and at prices no less than 100 of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant as determined by the Company s Board of Directors Both RSAs and options granted generally vest over four years and vest at a rate of 25 upon the first anniversary of the issuance date and 1 48th per month thereafter
During the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 the total intrinsic value of options exercised including options early exercised was 36 2 million 22 2 million and 28 4 million respectively The weighted average grant date fair value of options vested was 1 52 1 41 and 1 36 per share for the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 respectively
The total grant date fair value of share options that vested was 13 3 million 15 6 million and 4 5 million as of April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 respectively As of April 27 2024 the total unrecognized compensation cost was 2 0 million related to share options which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0 72 years
The Company estimated the fair value of share options using the Black Scholes option pricing model The fair value of employee share options is amortized on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards The fair values of the employee share options granted in the years presented were estimated using the following weighted average assumptions
In December 2021 the Company adopted the 2021 long term incentive plan the 2021 Plan Upon the adoption the 2021 Plan had 19 907 thousand ordinary shares reserved for issuance Awards granted under the 2021 Plan may include but are not limited to options and restricted share units RSU Options granted under the 2021 Plan generally have a term of 10 years and generally must be issued at prices equal to the fair market value of the share on the date of grant RSU awards are denominated in ordinary
shares but may be settled in cash or shares upon vesting as determined by the Company at the time of grant None of the awards granted under the 2021 Plan as of April 27 2024 allowed cash settlement Awards under the 2021 Plan generally vest over 4 years
As of April 27 2024 unamortized compensation expense related to RSUs was 151 9 million The unamortized compensation expense for RSUs will be amortized on a straight line basis and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2 93 years
In January 2022 the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ESPP Under the ESPP a total of 3 801 thousand shares have been authorized for the grant of shares and participants can purchase the Company s ordinary shares using payroll deductions which may not exceed 15 of their total cash compensation Pursuant to the terms of the ESPP the look back period for the share purchase price is 24 months Offering and purchase periods begin on January 1 and July 1 of each year Participants will be granted the right to purchase ordinary shares at a price per share that is 85 of the lesser of the fair market value of the shares at i the participant s entry date into the two year offering period or ii the end of each six month purchase period within the offering period
During the years ended April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 281 thousand and 247 thousand shares were issued under the ESPP respectively No shares were issued during the year ended April 30 2022 As of April 27 2024 6 207 thousand shares remained available for future issuance under the ESPP
The following weighted average assumptions to calculate the fair value of ordinary shares to be issued under the ESPP on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model in the periods presented
The Company s leases include office space located in the United States and other international locations which are all classified as operating leases The Company s leases have remaining lease terms generally between one year and eight years Operating leases are included in right of use assets accrued expenses and other current liabilities and non current operating lease liabilities on the Company s consolidated balance sheets The Company does not have any finance leases
As of April 27 2024 the weighted average remaining lease term for the Company s operating leases was 5 89 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the present value of the Company s operating leases was approximately 5 96
A valuation allowance is established when the Company believes that it is more likely than not that some portion of its deferred tax assets will not be realized As of April 27 2024 the Company recorded 23 3 million of valuation allowance In fiscal year 2024 the valuation allowance increased by 14 0 million The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance on its U S R D credits and recorded an increase to its valuation allowance of 6 7 million During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 the Company determined that utilization of its net deferred tax assets in the U S was limited and accordingly recorded an increase to its valuation allowance of 7 3 million This determination was made after evaluating both the positive and negative evidence regarding the recoverability of the Company s net U S deferred tax assets The Company considers all available evidence such as its earnings history including the existence of cumulative income or losses reversals of taxable temporary differences projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies and determined that negative evidence overweighted positive evidence with respect to the ability to realize its net U S deferred tax assets The Company will continue to assess the future realization of its deferred tax assets in each applicable jurisdiction and adjust the valuation allowance accordingly As of April 27 2024 the Company had U S federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately 18 7 million and 7 4 million respectively The U S federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely The state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2043 As of April 27 2024 the Company had U S federal and state research credits of 12 6 million and 9 6 million respectively The federal research credits will begin to expire in 2039 The state research credits have no expiration date As of April 27 2024 the Company had no foreign tax credit carryover Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limits the use of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in certain situations where changes occur in the stock ownership of a company In the event that we had a change of ownership utilization of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be restricted
Foreign earnings may be subject to withholding taxes in local jurisdictions if they are distributed The amount of cumulative undistributed earnings that are permanently reinvested that could be subject to withholding taxes were 25 7 million as of April 27 2024 The Company intends to reinvest these earnings indefinitely
The Company consists of a Cayman Islands parent holding company with various international and U S subsidiaries The applicable statutory rate in Cayman Islands is zero for the Company for the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 For purposes of the reconciliation between the provision for income taxes at the statutory rate and the effective tax rate a U S statutory tax rate of 21 for the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 is applied as follows
The Company recognizes the tax effects of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not to be sustained based solely on such position s technical merits as of the reporting date and only in an amount more likely than not to be sustained upon review by the tax authorities
Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of April 27 2024 and April 29 2023 were potential benefits of 4 6 million and 2 9 million respectively which if recognized would potentially affect the effective tax rate If the unrecognized tax benefits were recognized it would result in additional deferred tax assets which are expected to require a full valuation allowance based on the Company s current valuation allowance position Unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months
The Company s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense For the years ended April 27 2024 April 29 2023 and April 30 2022 the Company s current tax provision was not impacted by interest and penalties
The Company files U S federal and state and non U S income tax returns with varying statutes of limitations The Company s tax returns continue to remain subject to examination by U S federal authorities for the years ended April 30 2021 through 2023 and by state authorities for the years ended April 30 2020 through 2023 For the Company s international subsidiaries the tax years that remain open to examination vary based on the year that each entity began operating
Potential dilutive securities include dilutive ordinary shares from share based awards attributable to the assumed exercise of share options restricted share units and employee stock purchase plan shares using the treasury stock method Under the treasury stock method potential ordinary shares outstanding are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share if their effect is anti dilutive The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended
The following table summarizes revenue disaggregated by primary geographical market based on destination of shipment for products and location of contracting entity for IP and engineering services which may differ from the end customer s principal offices in thousands
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined in Rules 13a 15 e and 15d 15 e under the Exchange Act that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management including our Chief Executive Officer principal executive officer and Chief Financial Officer principal financial officer as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10 K our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of such date our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a 15 f and Rule 15d 15 f under the Exchange Act Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 27 2024 based on the criteria established in
Based on the results of its evaluation management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 27 2024 The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 27 2024 has been audited by Ernst Young LLP independent registered public accounting firm as stated in its report which is included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10 K
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a 15 f and 15d 15 f under the Exchange Act occurred during the quarter ended April 27 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting
Our management including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud A control system no matter how well conceived and operated can provide only reasonable not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met Further the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud if any within Credo have been detected
During our last fiscal quarter no director or officer as defined in Rule 16a 1 f adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5 1 trading arrangement or a non Rule 10b5 1 trading arrangement each as defined in Regulation S K Item 408
The Bonus Plan allows the Company to provide incentive awards to employees of the Company or any of its parents subsidiaries or other affiliates selected by the administrator of the Bonus Plan including the Company s named executive officers Pursuant to the Bonus Plan its administrator in its sole discretion may establish a target award for each participant as well as a bonus pool with any actual awards payable from such bonus pool The Bonus Plan administrator also may establish any performance goals that will apply to any awards under the Bonus Plan Any such performance goals may include but are not limited to the goals listed in the Bonus Plan The performance goals may differ from participant to participant and from award to award
The Bonus Plan will be administered by the Board or a committee appointed by the Board Unless and until determined otherwise by the Board the Compensation Committee will administer the Bonus Plan The administrator of the Bonus Plan may delegate its authority and powers under the Bonus Plan to one or more directors and or officers of the Company which delegation may be revoked at any time The administrator of the Bonus Plan at any time before payment of the actual award may increase reduce or eliminate a participant s actual award and or increase reduce or eliminate the amount allocated to a bonus pool based on such factors as it deems relevant The administrator of the Bonus Plan at any time before payment of an actual award may add remove or modify any applicable performance goals Actual awards generally will be paid in cash in a single lump sum provided that the Bonus Plan administrator has discretion to settle an actual award with the grant of an equity award pursuant to the Company s applicable equity plan as may be in effect from time to time To earn an actual award a participant must be employed through the date the actual award is paid unless otherwise determined by the Bonus Plan administrator Payment of an actual award generally will be made as soon as practicable after the end of the applicable performance period and after the actual award is approved by the Bonus Plan administrator
The Bonus Plan administrator has the authority to modify amend suspend or terminate the Bonus Plan or any part of the Bonus Plan at any time provided that such action does not materially impair or materially alter any rights or obligations of any actual award earned by a participant absent such participant s consent The Bonus Plan will remain in effect until terminated in accordance with its terms
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our 2024 Proxy Statement which will be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which the Annual Report on Form 10 K relates
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in our consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto
In accordance with Item 601 b 32 ii of Regulation S K and SEC Release No 33 8238 and 34 47986 Final Rule Management s Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32 1 and 32 2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report Form 10 K and will not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 d of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints William Brennan and Daniel Fleming and each of them individually as his or her attorney in fact each with full power of substitution for him or her in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10 K and to file the same with exhibits thereto and all other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney in fact or his substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated

Company Name	Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd Vist SEC web-site
Category	SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES
Trading Symbol	CRDO